1. Kingdom Protista
Packet #66
Chapter #28

2. Characteristics Unicellular, or simple multicellular eukaryotes
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Unicellular, or simple multicellular eukaryotes
Heterotrophic or autotrophic
Most are aquatic and may compose plankton
Reproduction ranges from asexual to sexual modes HW
Syngamy
Include protozoa, algae, slime molds and water molds
© Ryan Barrow 2008
Syngamy: -Union of gametes

3. Ecological Role Protozoa are an important part of zooplankton.
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Protozoa are an important part of zooplankton.
Algae are important producers (autotrophs)
Especially in marine and freshwater ecosystems
Important source of oxygen
© Ryan Barrow 2008

4. “Evolutionary” Connection
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Zooflagellates, such as Giardia, may be more closely related to prokaryotes than any other protist group
© Ryan Barrow 2008

5. “Evolutionary” Connection
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Endosymbiotic Theory
Describes the origin of chloroplasts from photosynthetic prokaryotes and mitochondria from aerobic bacteria
Apicomplexans are parasites, and nonphotosynthetic, but have a chloroplast “relic” from secondary endosymbiotic events
An apicomplexan causes malaria and a chemical that inhibits chloroplasts may be useful in treatment.
Electron microscopy evidence suggests protists are monophyletic but most biologists regards protists as paraphyletic based on structures and molecular data
© Ryan Barrow 2008

6. The Good
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Red Algae
Agar and carageenan are commercial products derived from red algae
Cell walls often have thick sticky polysaccharides
Coralline red algae are important in building coral reefs
© Ryan Barrow 2008
Three types of algae
Red
Brown
Green

7. The Good II
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Brown Algae
Algin is commercial product derived from brown algae HW
Where is algin used?
Source of food—particularly in Asian countries
© Ryan Barrow 2008
Algin
A thick, jellylike substance obtained from seaweed. Alginic acid is used as a stabilizer and thickener in a wide variety of commercially processed foods such as ice creams, puddings, flavored milk drinks, pie fillings, soups and syrups.
Alginate absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in the manufacture of paper and textiles. It is also used for waterproofing and fireproofing fabrics, as a gelling agent, for thickening drinks, ice cream and cosmetics, and as a detoxifier that can absorb poisonous metals from the blood. Alginate is also produced by certain bacteria, notably Azotobacter species.

8. The Bad The Red Tide Caused by dinoflagellates
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The Red Tide
Caused by dinoflagellates
© Ryan Barrow 2008

9. The Ugly Malaria Caused by Plasmodium falciparum
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Malaria
Caused by Plasmodium falciparum
Could be fatal if untreated
© Ryan Barrow 2008

10. Princeton Review Book
Princeton Review
Amoeba
Students are to memorize the different phyla of Kingdom Protista on pages 129 & 130