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Hearths Concepts Diffusion

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Presentation on theme: "Hearths Concepts Diffusion"— Presentation transcript:

1 Hearths Concepts Diffusion
World Belief Systems Hearths Concepts Diffusion

2 Judaism originated in Southwest Asia about 2000 BCE founder: Abraham
first major ethical monotheism Covenant founder: Abraham sacred text: Torah and Talmud sacred sites: Jerusalem (Western Wall), land between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River

3 Judaism Ethnic Religion (very few converts)
social manifestation: Zionism diffusion: into European cities during the Diaspora, into N. America during WWII, into Israel over the last 50 years

4 The Western Wall and Cemetery in Prague

5 Great Synagogue (Czech Republic) and The Jewish Reconstructionist Congregation synagogue in Evanston, Ill.

6 Hinduism: Foundations
Northern South Asia (Indus Valley) BCE-No specific founder Scholars interpreted the Vedic hymns into the Upanishads ( BCE) Polytheistic: with a concept of unity Caste system/varna: determines every aspect of an individual life (dharma) Concepts of reincarnation (transmigration) Way of Knowledge- yoga meditation Way of Action- doing your job Way of Devotion- worship

7 Brahma: The Creator Shiva: The Destroyer Vishnu: The Protector

8 Hinduism: Ethnic religion
Diffusion limited to South Asia and some parts of Southeast Asia (Bali) and the developed world Trade routes Relocation diffusion in Western world (British colonialism) Sacred sites: Ganges River and thousands of holy sites. 750 million followers today

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10 Largest Temple in New Deli

11 Buddhism Emerged as a protest to Hindu caste system 2500 years ago.
founder: Siddartha (the Buddha) 525BCE Atheistic: recognizing local spirits/gods/traditions Anyone can achieve salvation, enlightenment 4 noble truths 8 fold path right knowledge, intentions, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and meditation.

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13 Buddhism sacred sites: stupas contain relics of the Buddha
Hearth: Nepal south to the Ganges River area. diffusion: most strongly into Tibet in the north and into East Asia Relocation (monastic and missionary traditions) Chain migration Trade routes

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15 Christianity Hearth: Mediterranean 1st Century CE
Founder: Jesus, split from Judaism Basic concepts of ethical monotheism 10 commandments Life of Jesus Early doctrinal split into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic 1054

16 Christianity Protestant revolution further split
Largest and globally dispersed (1.6 billion) Diffusion: expansion and relocation strong missionary outreach Follows colonial patterns

17 Thailand Africa Brazil

18 Greek Orthodox France Ohio

19 Islam originated on Arabian peninsula about 600CE- (newest of the big guys) ethical monotheistic religion sacred text: Qu’ran founder: Muhammad sacred sites: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem split in the church over succession: Sunni Muslims (great majority) Shi’ite Muslims (concentrated in Iran) Relocation/Chain/Conquest/Heirarchical: across Arabian peninsula, across North Africa, into Spain and also east into Southeast Asia, eventually Sub-Saharan Africa

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21 Paris Turkey Tempe, AZ

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23 Taoism Traced to prehistoric practices
Laozi, 250 BCE- text named for him Diffused as different dynasties adopted principles of the faith Many small branches, but commonalities focus on the concept of YIN/YANG natural order, peace, vitality, receptiveness, and flexibility are important and finally, action without action Tao literally means “the way” or the road/path emphasizing compassion, moderation, and humility The body is a microcosm of the universe (gain understanding of the universe, by understanding one’s self)

24 Polytheistic with a hierarchy of gods, down to animist spirits
# Taoists is hard to guess, due to a variety of factors including defining Taoism. Estimated that 400 million people practice Chinese folk religions Strongest in regions with high Chinese population, largest non Chinese following in Korea.

25 Taoist Architecture has no universal theme
Taiwan Beverly Hills Beijing

26 Ba’hai Youngest of the world faiths- Mid 1800s
Founder Bahaullah drew from the previous teachings of; Zoroaster, Abraham, Buddha, Christ, Krishna, Muhammad Central Themes Unity Humanity is a single race, class, creed, and nation Gender equality Universal education

27 Ba’hai Global distribution- 5 million followers worldwide- uninversalizing faith 189 countries different ethnicities- 800 languages With stressing unity, there has been no sectarianism- policy is governed by the Guardianship and the Universal House of Justice (elected through direct voting) Holy sites in Israel (remains of founder) and No clergy- emphasis on individual, sermons, rituals

28 7 Houses of Worship: 9 sides central dome
Ashkabad, Central Asia, demolished in 1962. Sydney, Australia Kampala, Ugnada Wilmette, IL

29 Langenhain, Germany New Delhi, India Samoa Panama City, Panama

30 Proposed house of worship in Santiago, Chile

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