1. Today’s Agenda: The Rise of Dictators Actively Learn
10th World Studies
Turn in:
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Notes
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Today’s Learning Objectives:
I can understand how different leaders changed the power structure in Europe following WWI.
Today’s Agenda:
The Rise of Dictators
Hirohito/Tojo
HW:
Actively Learn

2. Powerful & Continuing Nationalism
Disdain for Human Rights
Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats (as a Unifying Cause)
Supremacy of the Military
Rampant Sexism
Controlled Mass Media
Obsession with National Security

3. Religion & Government are intertwined
Corporate Power is protected
Labor Power is suppressed
Disdain for Intellectuals & the Arts
Obsession with Crime & Punishment
Rampant Cronyism & Corruption
Fraudulent Elections

4. Hirohito, Tojo, and the rise of Japan

5. Japan becomes an Imperial Power
Japan was a “feudal state”
1853: Matthew Perry forces the Japanese to open trade or face war
1868: Traditional government falls apart and the Meiji Era begins
Sends ½ of the government to learn from the Western world
See Manchester (England) and realize the importance of Industrialization
½ stays in Japan
Invade Korea

6. Another Island Nation… I wonder what could happen…

7. The Japanese saw that if they didn’t learn about weapons—they would be defenseless. They would be conquered like the Chinese.

8. So Japan began to modernize—in 50 years it went from a medieval society to a modern, industrialized society! This was a remarkable change!

9. A new constitution is formed
Japanese officials that were in the West learned about constitutions
Took ideas from the Prussian Constitution
Meiji Constitution
Emperor at the top
Military answers only to the emperor (and in future will help rule)
In the ’s Great Depression and Government Corruption lead to the military appointing a “Prime Minister” to rule with Emperor
’s all Prime Ministers are being assassinated so there is fear for a non-military prime minister to be in charge

10. Emperor Hirohito (Showa)
1926 he becomes the Emperor
Grandson of Meiji
Appoints Tojo as Prime Minister

11. Hideki Tojo Country: Japan Type of Government: Militarism
Goals and Ideas:
Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of the government
Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name
Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials – how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM
Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (the League of Nations did nothing)
Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan
Hirohito, Emperor of Japan

12. Tojo Hideki
Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority of the Japanese people, especially over the Chinese.
He was also ultra-nationalistic as well as very militaristic.
He wanted to expand the Japanese empire throughout the Pacific Rim.

13. Tojo’s Rise to Power Joined the Japanese army
• His military service included periods in Switzerland and Germany
•Became “major general” in 1933
• Became head of the Kwantung Army military police in 1935
• He was appointed minister of war in 1941 by Fumimaro Kondoye
A strong supporter of Nazi Germany
• He feared long term plans of Joseph Stalin
Advocated pre-emptive air strikes on both China and the Soviet Union
Executed for charges of being a war criminal in 1948

14. Post WWI Japan
Japan is facing economic depression and large population
People of Japan (and China…) cannot go across the Pacific, instead sent to Manchuria
Exclusion Acts
Looking for markets to sell their industrialized goods
Europe and Africa are taken by Europeans
When Britain pulls out of China, Japan tries to take over
Pan Asianism: “Asia is one”
People of Japan cannot go across the Pacific, instead sent to Manchuria : 1923-Exclusion Act

15. Pan Asianism: “Asia is one”
Japan reminds Asians that Asia is larger and higher populated than Europe
Japan claims that they are the “true” Asians and unless culture has reached Asia, it must not be fully Asian
To be “fully Asian” (according to Japanese) you must be controlled by the Japanese
In other words: The Japanese believed they were helping the people they imperialized

16. Unless “culture” made it all the way up to Japan, the Japanese did not believe it was really “Asian”

17. Military and Political ideologies
Invasion is necessary
“Korea is the dagger into the heart of Japan”
To protect Japan you must control Korea
To protect Korea you must control Manchuria
To protect Manchuria you must control China
If they resist you must force them!

20. When Japanese troops moved forward to take in all of Northern China
When Japanese troops moved forward to take in all of Northern China ... the world began to take seriously a document written by a Japanese Prime Minister in 1928 and discovered by China in 1931 – the Tanaka Memorial, a huge plan of world conquest going as far as India, Asia and Europe.
(Pearl Harbor?)
(Hoax?)

21. Aggression in Asia 1931—Japan Invades Manchuria
Japan leaves the League of Nations
By 1938, Japan has control of major cities along Chinese coast

22. The Rape of Nanking

23. In December 1937, the Japanese swept into the city of Nanking.

24. In six to eight weeks they killed over 300,000 people.

25. Women were targeted. They were abused and raped
Women were targeted. They were abused and raped. In fact, this even is not known as the massacre of Nanking…

26. It is known as the Rape of Nanking—because the city and its women were literally “taken” and abused terribly.

27. Japanese soldiers sent home pictures of their atrocities
Japanese soldiers sent home pictures of their atrocities. They did this to “show off” or “brag.” Therefore, we do have many pictures about what happened.

28. Japanese soldiers themselves photographed and documented the brutal raping of thousands of Chinese women, the bayoneting of infants for sport, and the rampant slaughter of the population.
After 18 days, an estimated 300,000 people had been murdered.
As a placard at the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall simply states, "The Chinese people suffered greatly."