1. Gender equality and Social Inclusion
Gyan Laxmi Shrestha
NASC, 2017

2. Coverage Social Inclusion
Exploring gender discrimination in Nepal (Video)
Gender equality and social inclusion
Dimensions of Exclusion
GESI as an approach and Why GESI
Issues and challenges
GESI in Institutions
Efforts taken by GON
Way Forward

3. EXERCISE: Draw pictures
Boy
Conductor
Girl
Doctor
Police man
Primary level Teacher
Nurse
Professor
Pilot
Driver

4. कथा :
Pp6f sf/df afa' / 5f]/f ofqf ul//x]sf lyP . sf/ b'3{6gfdf k¥of] . pQm b'3{6gfdf afa' ;fdfGo 3fOt] dfq ePsf] lyof] t/ 5f]/f] eg] ulDe/ cj:yfdf lyof] . 3fOt] b'j} dWo] tTsfn pkrf/sf nflu 5'6\6f5'6} c:ktfndf egf{ ul/of] . ha 5f]/fnfO{ c:ktfn egf{ ul/of] / 8fS6/n] hfFr ug{ yfNof], ta 8fS6/n] eGof] ls d o;sf] pkrf/ ug{ ;lSbg lsgls ऊ d]/f] 5f]/f xf] . ca eGg'xf];\ 8fS6/ / 3fOt] aLr s] ;DaGw /x]5 <
आमा-छोरा

6. शशक्त महिला ?
सीमान्तकृत महिलाहरु जस्तै दलित, आदिवासी, जनजाति, अल्पसंख्यक, मधेसी, मुस्लिम आदि
सामाजिक शोषण(त्रुटीपूर्ण प्रथा, परम्परा, संस्कार), आर्थिक विपन्नता, लोपोन्मुख,भौगोलिक(ग्रामि ण महिला)शारीरिक, उमेर अवस्था आदिका कारणबाट सिमान्तकृत

7. SOCIALIZATION
Socialization is the result of traditions, societal values and beliefs.
It is the process by which we learn norms, customs, and ideologies of our own society.
Rules, practices, division of labor, social expectations; vulnerability and mobility conditions differ for women, men, people of different social groups (ethnic minority/majority, income groups and of different geographical locations).
We need to reflect on how different cultural, social, religious norms direct and dictate acceptable behaviour and attitude towards people of different genders and social groups.

9. tnsf lrqdf s]] leGgtf b]Vg'x'G5 <

10. Mind sees what it chooses to see
Gender and inclusion : we see what we are shown (mostly) and it becomes natural

11. Multiple & Cross-cutting Exclusions
Poverty
-GESI)
Geographic
-GESI)
Multiple & Cross-cutting Exclusions
Exclusion can be economic, geographic or it can be based on gender or on other dimensions of social identity.
Very often individuals and groups are affected by multiple exclusions.
We have been most used to looking at poverty or economic exclusion – but we are now learning that in order to effectively address poverty, we need to further disaggregate “the poor” and recognize additional social dimensions of exclusion or deprivation that affect some sub-sets of the poor.
Similarly, when we look at remote areas and the geographic exclusion that all people in this areas face, we also need to be aware that women and Dalits in these areas face additional barriers.
And when we look at gender based exclusion, we need to keep in mind that while all women face hardships related to patriarchy, the degree of restriction differs in different groups (and may be harshest for some of the most socially privileged women). We also need to recognize that some women also face additional barriers related to their caste, ethnic or regional identity.
Key message: Gender, income, location and other factors of exclusion are interlinked and cannot be treated in isolation;
Social Identity: Ethnicity, Caste,
Regional, Religion
Gender

12. EXCLUDED GROUPS Economically Excluded
Poor of All
● Caste ● Location
● Ethnicity ● Sex
● Women ● Dalits
● Adibasi Janajatis ● Madhesis
● Muslims
● People with disabilities
● People of geographically remote areas
● Sexual and Gender Minorities
Socially Excluded (specific issues of exclusion)

13. VULNERABLE GROUPS
People are “vulnerable” rather than “excluded” when deprivations are a result of a particular situation (in some cases only temporary) that has reduced their ability to withstand shocks rather than their more deeply embedded social identity.
Example:
People Living In Areas Affected By Earthquakes, Floods Or Drought
HIV AIDs-affected People
Sex Workers And Trafficked People
Children, Adolescents, Older People

15. Contd..

16. Exploring Gender Discrimination in Nepal
Video Case Discussion

17. Exercise
Being a public service provider, what do you think are your responsibilities for the realization of existence of inclusive governance/GESI by the service receiver?
10 minutes
NASC 2015

18. Dimension of Inclusion/Exclusion
Gender
Caste/Ethnicity
Economically
Disability
Geographically and so on
Geographically

19. GESI
GESI is an approach that brings women and men from all social groups (ethnicity, caste, economy, age, disability, geographic locations) in all political, economic and social spheres
It aims to promote gender equality and social inclusion by addressing existing disparities and gaps in access and control over resources, services, information and opportunities and the distribution of power and decision making

20. Why GESI
An overwhelming number of citizens are systematically deprived of their fundamental human rights and their rights to development
Undertaken as new development intervention to overcome the obstacles of gender inequality and social exclusion
Focused on key issues that hinder women, poor and socially excluded group in the participation and benefit sharing

21. Contd..
Acting as a significant role to narrow down the existing gaps between women and men belonging to various social groups
Develop and maintain a positive, respectful work culture that ensures equity and diversity for all employees and is free from discrimination
Create a peaceful, harmonious and a coherent society

22. Issues GESI Issues Women
equity, equality, empowerment, Mainstreaming, participation and so on.
Janjatis/ Adiwashi
Culture, Language, Recognition and so on.
Madheshi
Identity, Mainstreaming and so on
Muslim
Religion, Minority, Poverty and so on.
Dalits
Poverty, Untouchability and so on.
Remote and marginalized areas
Economic and Infrastructural Development
and so on.
Senior Citizen, children, endangered nationalities
Social protection

23. Challenges
The effective implementation of GESI provisions in policies, programmes and guidelines
Multi-sectorial coordination to address issues of women, poor and excluded people
Identifying the income poor
Regular opportunities to strengthen service providers’ skills to meet their duties and strength capacity of service receiver to claim their right

24. GESI in Institutions Institutions
GESI responsive policy, strategy, programme, rule, regulation and budget
GESI disaggregated (quantitative and
qualitative) database system
GESI sensitive organization culture (code of conduct)
Institutions
GESI responsive HR policy
Affirmative action on recognition and subsidy
for the targeted population
Knowledge and skill of duty bearers to
deliver GESI responsive services
effectively

25. Underlying Socio-cultural Institutions, Values & Codes of Behavior
Inequality
Underlying Socio-cultural Institutions, Values & Codes of Behavior
Assets
& Capabilities
Civil Society, Private Sector
& Public Sector
INSTITUTIONS
Inequitable distributional rules
Weak Influence
Lots of assets
& capabilities
ELITES
MIDDLE
POOR & SOCIALLY
EXCLUDED
Strong Influence
Now to the process of social change.
We start with a hypothetical country named Inequistan which has highly exclusionary institutions.
Beneath everything are the “deep structure”, underlying socio-cultural institutions, values and codes of behavior. The “taken for granted” or tacit institutions have a huge impact on the more formal and visible institutions and how they actually work. It is presented here in green -- like the water that fish swim in. Just as fish are totally dependent on the water, but unaware of it, so with people and their deep structure institutions like kinship, religion or even language itself.
Then we have our three elements: the institutions, the people and the assets and capabilities.
The elites have a lot of influence on the institutions so not surprisingly the distributional rules favor them and they get the lion’s share of the countries assets.
Those at the bottom have little influence and they have to make do with a thin trickle of assets and capabilities that come their way.
This is a picture of what we could call a “closed access” or feudal system where only a few groups have access to the main sources of wealth and power in the country. It may remind you a lot of the Shah/Rana era Nepal.
Few assets or
capabilities

26. Equality Social Inclusion: Middle POOR Assets & Capabilities Elites
“Removal of institutional barriers and enhancement of incentives to increase access of diverse individuals and groups to development.”
Social Inclusion:
Assets
&
Capabilities
More equitable distribution rules
INSTITUTIONS
Elites
But as I said empowerment alone is not enough.
There must also social inclusion which brings changes at the system level. Usually this happens not from below, but from within the power structure – by a small group of “champions” in government or civil society who also want social change and greater equity in their country.
They are form part of the coalition for change between different strata of society that finally forces change.
So now we have come to Equistan! Now the pyramid is flatter. Though there are still poor in Equistan, there are many fewer. They have basic livelihood security and greater social mobility. Equistan has gone from a closed access system where only a few control all the wealth and power, to an open access system where many more people can compete for wealth and power.
Business transactions are now made and access to jobs determined on the basis of transparent rules which are the same for everyone, rather than on the basis of personal networks and insider deals among the elite.
Middle
Partnership
for Change
POOR

27. Efforts taken by Government
The concern on women was first surfaced in the sixth plan( )
Ninth plan ( ) adopted three pronged strategies to empower women namely mainstreaming, eliminating gender inequality and empowerment
Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002– 2006) – also known as the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) – which declared ‘social inclusion’ to be one of the four pillars on which to focus. Chapter 26 of this plan outlines the need for gender equality to achieve the goal of poverty alleviation

28. Contd..
The Three-Year Interim Plan (2007–2010) has a separate section for women’s fundamental rights and more inclusive toward Dalits, Madhesis, indigenous groups and persons with disabilities
The 1990 Constitution accepted the notion of Inclusive Governance and made special provisions for ensuring inclusive participation of women, Dalits, marginalised and oppressed communities in national governance processes

29. Contd..
Interim Constitution of Nepal (2007) included provisions to support gender equality and social inclusion
Under Article 18 relating to the Right to Equality
states that:
“No discrimination shall be made against any citizen in the application of general laws on grounds of religion, race, sex, caste, tribe, origin, language or ideological conviction or any of these.”
Article 20 guarantees right of women
Article 21 assurances right to social justice

30. 2072 Constitution of Nepal Preamble
“Ending all forms of discrimination and oppression created by the feudalistic, autocratic, centralized, unitary system of governance. Protecting and promoting social and cultural solidarity, tolerance and harmony, and unity in diversity by recognizing the multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-cultural and diverse regional characteristics, resolving to build an egalitarian society founded on the proportional inclusive and participatory principles in order to ensure economic equality, prosperity and social justice, by eliminating discrimination based on class, caste, region, language, religion and gender and all forms of caste-based untouchability”

31. Contd.. Right to equality: Article 18
Right against untouchability and discrimination: Article 24
Right to language and culture: Article 32
Right of women: Article 38
Right of Dalits: Article 40
Right to social justice: Article 42
Right to social security: Article 43

32. Institutional Developments
In 1995, the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare was established
In 1997, the National Committee for the Development of Nationalities and the Committee for Upliftment of Downtrodden, Oppressed and Dalit Classes were established
In 2002, the National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities was institutionalized with necessary reforms

33. Contd..
The National Women Commission and the National Dalit Commission was established in to integrate social inclusion into national governance agenda and strengthen capacity
In 2004, formed high-level Committee on Reservation to recommend appropriate policy, mechanism and procedures for effective enforcement of reservation system, as part of affirmative action, for inclusive representation of women, Dalits and indigenous nationalities in the public service of Nepal

35. Way forward
Affirmative action and positive discrimination to the targeted groups
Coordinate and collaborate with local bodies, line agencies, social leaders and media
GESI capacity building of the stakeholders and partners at all levels and create platform for GESI
Adopt right based approach to reach poor women and men, and women belonging to janjati, dalit, madhesi, muslim and other backward communities
Revising and planning from the lessons learned and up- scaling of the good practices.

36. When I was born, A women was there to hold me……My Mother.
As I grew up as a child, A women was there to care and play with me…..My Sister.
I went to school, A women was there to help me learn…..My Teacher.
I became depressed when I lost, A women was there to offer a shoulder…My Girlfriend.
I needed compatibility, company and love, A women was there for me….My Wife.
I became tough, A women was there to melt me……My Daughter.
When I will die, A women will be there to absorb me…..Motherland.
If you are a man, value every woman and if you are a women feel proud to be one.
NASC 31th BAT-IG
11/16/2018

37. Changing MY OWN positive ATTITUDE on GESI is key way to achieve harmony & prosperity in Society

38. Conclusion
The civil service of Nepal needs to act on concept of inclusive governance and GESI in order to ensure the rights of every citizens and become accountable and responsive towards the need of every citizen without discrimination in all development processes

39. Thank you