1. Ancient History of Restorative Art
1288 – 1110 BC
Egyptians: reincarnation
Anubis:

2. Egyptian Treatments Scars, Cuts Missing Eyes and Limbs Bowed Legs
Emaciation
Broken Limbs
Decubitus Ulcers

3. Mummification Body covered in paste of resin and fat.
Surface contour restored.

4. Middle Ages (5th – 15th Century)
No restorative art.
Physicians cared for the privileged class.

5. 13th and 14th Centuries Post-mortem care of royalty and gentry:
removal of organs
skin incised
immersion in preserving liquids and powders
not presentable for viewing

6. Renaissance (14th – 17th Century)
Italy: death masks made of important people
cast in hard wax and then hung in the church

7. Renaissance (14th – 17th Century)
France and England death masks
artistic
“real” hair attached
“puppet body” made of wicker
effigy placed on top of casket

8. US Civil War Dr. Thomas Holmes Plastic Surgery Plaster of Paris
Sculptor’s Clay and Window Putty
Yellow Soap
1912: “Modern Era of Restorative Art”

9. Reference to a Photograph
Mayer: pages 502 & 558 Klicker page 39
Professional portraits

10. Reference to a Photograph
Snapshots
Profile view

11. Reference to a Photograph
Three-quarter View:

12. Reference to a Photograph
Frontal view
Inversion of the Photograph

13. Highlight
Shadow
Normal Lighting
Directional Lighting
Flat Lighting

14. Modeling Techniques
Klicker page 65

15. Concepts of Modeling
Armatures: “framework, a material commonly of pliable metal or wood, employed to provide support for a wax restoration”
Analyze before modeling.
Size, Position and Form

16. Concepts of Modeling
Landmarks of Size:

17. Concepts of Modeling Klicker page 65 and 66
Measurements in One Direction
Configuration to a Pattern
Rough Modeling
Smoothing a Wax Surface
Construction of Large Masses
Surface Corrections by Additions

18. Concepts of Modeling Surface Corrections by Reduction
Modeling by Silhouette
Modeling the Profile
Modeling the Bilateral Form