1. Chapter 3
Organic compounds

2. Organic compounds Organic compound
is a compound made from carbon atoms
has one or more C atoms.
has many H atoms.
may also contain O, S, N, and halogens
Where do we obtain organic molecules?
Two principal ways:
isolation from nature
synthesis in the laboratory
Typical organic compounds
have covalent bonds.
have low melting points.
have low boiling points.
are flammable.
are soluble in nonpolar solvents.
are not soluble in water.
Examples
foods, flavors and fragment
Medicines, toiletries and cosmetics
Plastics, films, fibers and resins
All other living organisms

3. Carbon Bonding carbon atoms bond almost exclusively covalently
compounds with ionic bonding C are generally inorganic
when C bonds, it forms 4 covalent bonds
4 single bonds, 2 double bonds, 1 triple + 1 single, etc.
carbon is unique in that it can form limitless chains of C atoms, both straight and branched, and rings of C atoms
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

4. Carbon Bonding

5. Classifying Organic Compounds
there are two main categories of organic compounds, hydrocarbons and functionalized hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons contain only C and H
most fuels are mixtures of hydrocarbons

6. Classifying Hydrocarbons

7. Naming Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
consists of a base name to indicate the number of carbons in the chain, with a suffix to indicate the class and position of multiple bonds
suffix –ane for alkane, –ene for alkene, –yne for alkyne
Base Name
No. of C
meth- 1
hex- 6
eth- 2
hept- 7
prop- 3
oct- 8
but- 4
non- 9
pent- 5
dec- 10
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

9. Functionalized Hydrocarbons
functional groups are non-carbon groups that are on the molecule
substitute one or more functional groups replacing H’s on the hydrocarbon chain
generally, the chemical reactions of the compound are determined by the kinds of functional groups on the molecule

10. Functional Groups