1. Bucket Review
Which of the following statements about Spanish colonies in the New World is accurate?
The Spanish did not engage in mercantilism with their colonies
Spanish immigration to colonies in Central and South America was low
The Spanish colonized all of present day South America
The man economic contributions of Spain’s colonies came from gold and salt
Sugarcane production was the primary economic activity in Spanish colonies E

2. Bucket Review The Treaty of Tordesillas
Is an example of diplomatic tactic Europeans used in negotiating with Amerindians
Was the name of the charter given by the king of Spanish to Cortes, allowing for the conquest of the Aztecs
Brought about a peaceful conclusion to the Spanish takeover of the Inca
Provided ground rules for the slave trade between Africa and the Americas
Established territorial borders for the Spanish and Portuguese E

4. Motives

5. Motives for Exploration
God
Gold
Glory

6. Motives #1 – GOD The CHURCH wanted to: Stop the spread of Islam
Spread Christianity

7. Motive #2 – GOLD MERCHANTS wanted to:
Find new trade routes to the East
Make a profit

8. Motive #3 – GLORY EUROPEANS wanted to:
Establish colonies & trading posts throughout the world (due to the competition between nations)

9. New Technology

10. New Technology Astrolabe:
An astronomical instrument that was used to determine latitude

11. New Technology Triangular Sails:
Sails that allowed ships to sail AGAINST the wind
Cartography Improvement:
Increasingly precise maps

12. New Technology The Caravel: A small, sturdy & highly maneuverable ship
Proved to be more effective than previous vessels

13. The Race is On!

14. Lisbon, Portugal

15. Madrid, Espana

16. The Race is On!
At the time the Portuguese were most advanced in terms of new sailing technology
Began a national rivalry between Portugal & Spain

17. The Race is On! Line of Demarcation (1493):
An imaginary line of longitude that was established to divide lands claimed by Portugal from those claimed by Spain
Intended to maintain peace

18. The Race is On! Treaty of Tordesillas (1494):
Moved the Line of Demarcation further to the West due to Portuguese complaints

19. The Impact of Exploration

20. #1 – The Triangle Trade

21. #1 – The Triangle Trade Europe – Africa: weapons, rum & cloth
Africa – Americas: slaves
Americas – Europe: sugar, molasses, cotton, tobacco

22. #2 – The Middle Passage
Second leg of the Triangle Trade; to 12 week voyage
Tiny spaces, chained together
Darkness, stench, heat
1 in 5 did not survive

24. Diagram of Slave Ship

25. #3 – Joint Stock Companies
Merchants who wanted to invest in exploration formed Joint Stock Companies
Raised money by combining resources with other merchants

26. #3 – Joint Stock Companies
Allowed large & small investors to share the profits & risks of exploration voyages

27. #4 – Mercantilism
Belief that a nation’s power depended directly on its wealth; amount of gold/silver it possessed
Goal of every nation was to become as wealthy as possible
Selling more than buying (exporting more than importing) = a favorable balance of trade

29. Colonizers Colonies Spanish Portuguese French English North America
Mesoamerica
The Caribbean
South America

30. Important AP Tips!
1. Silver mined by the Spanish in the Americas played a crucial role in the development of the European dominated world economy
2. Cultural legacy of: Africans on American society

31. #6 – Columbian Exchange
It was a global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas
Corn and potatoes  Europe, Asia, Africa
Bananas, black-eyed peas, yams  Americas
Cattle, pigs, horses  Americas
Diseases  Americas & Europe