1. Acids/Bases: Formulas and Properties
Ch 19

2. Ch 19 Acids, Bases, and Salts
Acid – chemical that releases hydrogen (H+) or hydrognium ions (H3O+) in solution
Base - a chemical which releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
Salt – an ionic compound formed by the neutralization of an acid and a base

3. How are acids named/written?
If the acid is binary (2 elements) it is written with the H first, and the negative ion second. Ex: hydrochloric acid = HCl
The name will be in the following format:
Hydro_______ic acid (change the –ide ending of the anion to –ic)

4. How are acids named/written?
If the acid contains a polyatomic ion, H comes first and the polyatomic ion comes second (remember to cross charges!)
The name will be written in 2 ways:
If the polyatomic ion ends in –ate: the name will be _________ic acid (-ate turns to –ic)
If the polyatomic ion ends in –ite: the name will be _________ous acid (-ite turns to –ous)

5. Acid Formula/Name Practice
HBr =
HF =
Hydroiodic acid =
Sulfuric acid =
Phosphorous acid =
HNO3 =

6. How are bases written/named?
Bases typically end in OH (ex: NH3 –ammonia)
Names will be the name of the cation, then the name of the anion (usually hydroxide)
Ex: LiOH = lithium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 = calcium hydroxide

7. Base Formula/Naming Practice
Mg(OH)2 =
LiOH =
Strontium hydroxide =
Copper (II) hydroxide =

8. Comparing Acids with Bases
pH less than 7
pH greater than 7
Turns litmus paper red
Turns litmus paper blue
Have a tart or sour taste
Have a slippery feel
Conduct electricity (are electrolytes)
Formula starts with H
Formula ends in OH
HCl Hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
NaOH Sodium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide

9. Concentration vs. Strength
Concentration = amount of solute dissolved in the solvent
Written as the solutions molarity
Strength = amount of ionization in solution
Strong acids/bases ionize completely
Weak acid/bases ionize partially
Ex: 3 M HCl is stronger than 6 M H2S

10. MEMORIZE THESE!!! Strong Acids Strong Bases -sodium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid
Hydrobromic acid
-potassium hydroxide
-rubidium hydroxide
Hydroiodic acid
-cesium hydroxide
Perchloric acid
-calcium hydroxide
Nitric acid
-barium hydroxide
Sulfuric acid