1. The Rise of Imperial Nations World History
Key Terms #1
The Rise of Imperial Nations
World History

2. Essential Question:
What drove European countries colonize other areas of the world?

3. 1. Imperialism Definition:
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

4. 2. Nationalism A connection to a people and/or a place
Common language, religion, and national symbols
Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic
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A connection to a people and/or a place
Common language, religion, and national symbols
Countries in Europe are strongly nationalistic
Napoleon helped Europe to become nationalistic in the early 1800s years later, most of the nations are strongly patriotic.
NEXT SLIDE: Social Darwinism

5. What is the difference between the two pictures?
In March 2006, 500,000 march in Los Angeles in a nationalistic demonstration over immigration.
What is the difference between the two pictures?
After the first demonstrations there was a big backlash because of the immigrants waving Mexican flags.
Soon promoters encouraged them to show nationalistic pride in wanting to be Americans by waving the American Flag instead

6. 3. Social Darwinism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ExlGyTcKuU
"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin
"In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the expense of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best to their environment." Charles Darwin
1859 book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”
- Explained that basic organism give way to complex organisms over millions of years due to mutations that allow for a particular species (plant or animal) to best adapt to its surroundings.
- Objections to theory that human beings evolved from lesser species and that we are not unique creations of God.
Darwin was specifically speaking about the natural world (animals and how they react to predators, etc.).
NEXT SLIDE: Herbert Spencer

7. 3. Social Darwinism
“Junk” science
Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society
Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.”
Herbert Spencer was a sociologist/philosopher
Took Darwin’s ideas on the biological world and applied them to human society
Western nations succeed because they “adapted best to the environment.”
On a personal level – “the strong and fit” rise to the top and advance in life while the weak decline.

8. 4. New Imperialism Industrialized nations needed: Raw materials
Customers for goods
Targets for Imperialism:
Africa
Asia
America
Europe looking to control territory
Africa
Europeans saw African an Asian societies as sources of raw materials and a market for European goods.
The West no longer traded gold and silver for cloves, pepper, tea and silk.
Now the products of European factors were sent East while oil, tin, rubber and other raw materials were shipped West (to Europe).
Imperialism is not new (think about Columbus)
Old Imperialism = trading posts and missionary work
New Imperialism = total control of vast territories
Asia

9. Raw Materials that Europeans wanted:
iron
cotton
rubber
iron ore
coal
salt
sugar
coffee beans
soybeans
rice
silk
gold
silver
diamonds
Sugar plantation
Coffee harvest

10. 5. Cash Crop/Commodities
A crop that is grown for money
Coffee, cocoa, sugar cane, bananas, oranges and cotton
A commodity is an item whose value is set by its quantity on the market

11. Cash Crops in Africa

13. From North to South Africa
6. Protectorate
Indirect rule (cheaper)
Local rulers maintain control
France
Tunisia
Morocco
Great Britain
Sheik of Kuwait
Egyptian King
2nd form of Imperial Control and cheaper
Local Governor
Local Officials
Local Soldiers
Local Customs – Important: maintains culture
From North to South Africa

14. British Officer/Local Troops
7. Colonialism
Direct Rule (expensive)
by European…
Governor
Officials
Soldiers
France
Algeria
Indo China
Great Britain
India
Kenya
Very Expensive form of Imperial Control
In Burma, the local monarchy opposed British rule so the British abolished the monarchy and directly administered the country.
In Indochina, France imposed direct rule over southern provinces while the northern provinces were governed by a protectorate.
Colonialism (direct rule) is the first form of imperial control. There are others…
British Officer/Local Troops