1. Westward Expansion and Industrialization

2. Major Themes The rise of rich industrialists
The government’s role in the economy
The creation of a national economy
The destruction of Native American culture/society

3. Capitalism What is capitalism? What is your opinion of it?
“laissez faire” -> hands off

4. Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
People, groups, and races are subject to natural selection like animals in nature.
“Survival of the fittest” in society
Supports capitalism

5. Horatio Alger Very popular author “Rags to Riches” stories
Focus on poor boys becoming rich through hard work

6. Entrepreneur
What are they?
What is their role in society?
Examples?

7. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry
Were the entrepreneurs of the late 19th and early 20th century “Robber Barons” or “Captains of Industry”
John D. Rockefeller
Andrew Carnegie

8. Warm Up: What is the message of this political cartoon

9. Destruction of Native American Culture

10. Destruction of Native American Culture
Causes: ->Westward Expansion ->Railroads built into NA territory ->Death of Buffalo ->Smaller reservations War with US Cavalry ->Once defeated assimilation begins -> NA adopt US culture
Dawes Act : forces Native Americans to own private land

11. Populist Movement (People’s Party)
Grassroots political mov’t focused on helping small farmers and poor workers.
Main platform:
Regulate Big Business to help farmers/workers
Use Silver as money-inflationary
Created an income tax
Ends after 1896 election

12. Mechanized Farming
Machines/stronger tools in farming lead to massive increase in production
Reaper-mechanically cut crops/collected

13. What problem does the chart show?

15. Problems in agriculture
->Mechanized farming leads to overproduction
-> price of crops decreases
->Many farmers bankrupt

16. Political Machine
An often corrupt political organization that uses its influence to provide benefits for its members.
“Graft”->using influence/power to make money
 Corruption
Cons (Negative)
Pros (Benefits)

17. Populism: Important Laws
Granger Laws (1860s-1870s)
State laws put limits on rates railroads charge farmers
Eventually overturned by state court decisions
Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Creates Commission to regulate rates railroads charge
Freight Rate Cases (1890s)
- Limit the powers of the ICC to regulate railway rates.
Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
Makes monopolies illegal or any practice that restrains trade.
EC Knight Case (1892)
Limits powers of Sherman Act (federal gov’t cannot regulate local manufacturing, only interstate activities)
Populism: Focus on helping farmers/workers

18. Labor Unions
Definition: organization of workers formed to promote their rights/interests
Formed in response to bad work conditions/hours/pay
Wrongly associated with socialism
Propaganda to discredit unions
Yellow Dog Contracts: worker agrees to not join a Union

19. Government sides with business over labor
Labor Union Incidents
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Chicago, IL
Protest for 8 hour day turns into riot after bomb thrown
Homestead strike (1892)
Homestead, PA
Steel workers strike against Carnegie Steel
Major defeat for unions
Pullman Strike (1894)
Near nationwide railway strike
President Grover Cleveland orders army to stop strike
Sherman Anti-Trust Act applied to Labor Unions
Government sides with business over labor

20. Election of 1896 William Jennings Bryan Republican William McKinley
Hard Money candidate: endorses Gold Standard
Front Porch Campaign: conducted campaign on his front porch
Supporters:
Big Businessmen Factory Workers
Bankers
Large-scale farmers
Democrat
Soft Money-Bimetalism-Silver and Gold
Cross of Gold:
Supports free silver
Supporters
Small farmers