1. HYDROLOGY Notes Page 3 ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

2. The water cycle
is also called the
cycle.
hydrological

3. Water that is stored in the oceans and lakes can and become a gas.
evaporate

4. As the water rises through the atmosphere, it cools,
condenses and becomes
clouds

5. When the water gets heavy enough it can fall to the ground in the form of different types of
precipitation

6. and flow directly into streams, rivers, or lakes.
If the lithosphere (ground) is saturated, the water that has fallen can become
and flow directly into streams, rivers, or lakes.
runoff

7. If the lithosphere is not saturated, the water will
the lithosphere and move into the zone of
or the zone of
infiltrate
aeration
saturation

8. The interface (boundary) between these two zones is called the
water table

9. The roots of plants can reach into the zone of
soak up the water, and the water can then re-enter the atmosphere through the process of
saturation
transpiration

10. Water Cycle Song

11. runoff runoff water table impermeable bedrock zone of saturation
transpiration
condensation
precipitation
runoff
zone of aeration
evaporation
runoff
evaporation
water table
infiltration
zone of saturation
impermeable bedrock

12. Porosity

13. Total volume of empty space
Porosity =
Total volume of empty space
÷ total volume of soil
What materials would you need to calculate the porosity of a sample of soil?
graduated cylinder
water

14. ***Particle size alone does not determine porosity***

15. Which is more porous, a container of:
round particles or angular particles
tightly packed particles or loosely packed particles
c. well-sorted particles or unsorted particles
d. large beads or small beads

16. Capillarity

17. PERMEABILITY

18. A, because the particles are largest
PERMEABILITY
Which column would allow water
to flow through fastest? Why?
A, because the particles are largest

19. PERMEABILITY
Particle Size

20. If you join sediment from A and D,
PERMEABILITY
If you join sediment from A and D,
what would happen to the permeability? Why?
Decreases because the small particles fill in the spaces

21. Which is more permeable?
PERMEABILITY
Which is more permeable?
a. small particles or large particles
b. frozen ground or unfrozen ground

22. RUNOFF AND STREAM DISCHARGE
FACTORS AFFECTING
RUNOFF AND STREAM DISCHARGE
Which will result in greater runoff and stream discharge?
an area that is vegetated or an area that is barren
an area that has a steep slope or an area that is flat
ground that is frozen or ground that is unfrozen
d. ground that is saturated or ground that unsaturated

23. Weathering Hydrology NOTES PAGE 6 ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

24. Weathering
Physical
( Mechanical )
Abrasion
Freeze/Thaw

25. Chemical Weathering occurs fastest in this type of environment:
oxidation
hydration
Chemical
Chemical Weathering occurs fastest in this type of environment:
warm, moist

26. Pebbles Sand Silt Clay Which will weather faster and why?
Surface Area and Weathering
Which will weather faster and why?
Pebbles Sand Silt Clay
Why will smaller particles weather faster?
smaller particles have larger surface areas
because it is the smallest

28. Hydrology NOTES page 8 Erosion ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

29. the movement of weathered material
EROSION
the movement of weathered material

30. the movement of weathered material
EROSION
the movement of weathered material

33. Greatest
FORCE
Greatest
AGENT
gravity
water

34. carving out V-shaped valleys?
What agent of erosion
is responsible for
carving out V-shaped valleys?
Figure A steep mountain stream eroded a V-shaped valley into soft shale in the Canadian Rockies.
running water

35. carving out U-shaped valleys?
What agent of erosion
is responsible for
carving out U-shaped valleys?
glaciers

36. Slope

38. Erosion rate versus slope
Olympic Mountains

39. Discharge
the amount of water

42. Meandering Streams

43. Where is
erosion
greatest?
Outside of Curve

44. Where does
the river flow
fastest?
Center
down from
surface

45. Oxbow
Lakes

46. What page can this graph
be found in the ESRTS?

47. What’s the minimum
speed water need
to be moving in order
to transport sand?

48. In order to move a
particle that is 7.0 cm,
a stream’s velocity
would need to be at
least _______ cm/sec.

49. Wind Erosion
desert wind erosion
pitted

50. How sand dunes form