1. By: Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY
Ancient and Classical
GREECE
By: Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

2. Thesis
Consider the thesis to be the essence of the paper, it is your essay in one or two sentences
Introduce each paragraph with a topic sentence linked to the thesis
The thesis MUST address Similarities AND Differences in either the introduction or the conclusion to get full credit
The thesis can only be counted as the thesis and not also as a direct comparison
You don’t need to write an introduction, so don’t. Leave blank space to come back and write one if you have extra time.

3. The Geography of Greece
Balkan Peninsula
Peninsula of peninsulas
Mountainous terrain
Limited resources
Many islands
Moderate Climate
Geographic significance?

4. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

5. Bronze Age Greece

6. Minoan Civilization The Minoan People
The Minoans, powerful seafaring people, live
on Crete in Aegean Sea
Dominate trade in eastern Mediterranean
from 2000 to 1400 B.C.E.
Cosmopolitan civilization
crossroads of eastern Mediterranean
Culture influences others, especially Greeks

7. Unearthing a Brilliant Civilization
Sir Arthur Evans discovers Knossos in 1905
Excavations of Knossos, capital city of Minoan civilization, revealed:
Advance urban planning: sewers, running water, …
Minoans were peaceful, athletic, lovers of nature and beauty
Women had major role, especially in religion
Sacrificed animals, and sometimes people, to gods
Labyrinth discovered under city
Written language: Linear A
Archaelogists name civilization Minoa after King Minos
King Minos—legendary king who owned a minotaur

8. Minoan Culture’s Mysterious End
Earthquakes in 1700 B.C.E. caused damage, but Minoans rebuild
In 1470 B.C.E. major earthquakes and volcanic eruption
Minoans never recover from disasters
Invaders from Greece take Minoan lands

9. Mycenaean Civilization Develops
Origins
Mycenaeans—Indo-Europeans who settled on Greek mainland in 2000 B.C.
Took their name from their leading city, Mycenae
Mycenaean warrior-kings dominate Greece from 1600–1100 B.C.
Contact with Minoans
After 1500 B.C., Mycenaeans adopt Minoan sea trade and culture
The Trojan War
Trojan War—fought by Mycenaeans against city of Troy in 1200s B.C.
Once thought to be fictional, archaeological evidence has been found
Heinrich Schliemann, discovered Troy & Mycenae

10. Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Oral tradition grows, especially epics of Homer—a blind storyteller
Epic—a narrative poem about heroic deeds
Homer’s epic the Iliad, about Trojan War, shows Greek heroic ideal
The Odyssey is the sequel to the Iliad

11. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians
Dorian Replace Mycenaean
Mycenaean civilization collapses around 1200 B.C.
Dorian—possibly relatives of Bronze Age Greeks—move into Greece
OR may be part of the later Indo-European invasions
Less advanced than Mycenaean, Dorian leave no written records
Send Greece into a Dark Age for 300 years
Some Greeks escape to Ionia and continue Greek traditions

12. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

13. Evolution toward Democracy
Greek city-states were independent
each developed own government
most followed same pattern of development
Athens developed the first democratic state

14. BCE
Paid judges & jurors
opened to everyone not just rich
508 BCE
Further weakened nobility
Council of 500 (1st truly democratic constitution)
Extended citizenship
Trial by jury (ostracism)
546 BCE
Carried on Solon’s policies
Building projects created jobs
Athens becomes center of art and commerce
Rule by nobles
Rule by few
594 BCE
First Constitution (soc, poli, econ)
majority rule  assembly created
help for poor
name associated with “wise statesman”
King
Power inherited
621 BCE
“Harsh”  “Draconian”
First code of laws  most punishments = death

15. Early Athenian Tyrant Lawgivers
Draco
“draconian”  harsh
Solon (wise)
Cleisthenes
created the first democracy!

16. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

17. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
Phidippides
Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
Greece lead by King Leoniadas of Sparta. Persia led by Xerxes
Greece loses battle but helps to win the war
Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious
Trireme

18. What advantage do hoplites have over their Persian counterparts?
Greek Hoplites
Athenian
Spartan
What advantage do hoplites have over their Persian counterparts?

21. Greek Trireme

22. Delian League City-states of Greece prepare for future Persian Attacks
Each polis would contribute money, men, ships
Treasury would be “housed” on the island of Delos
Each polis would rotate management of the treasury
Athens becomes first to run the Delian League
the city-states agreed to help Athens rebuild from funds from the treasury

23. Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE

24. See Graphic Organizer
Greek Creative Genius

25. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything, Socratic method
only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
Put to Death for “corrupting the you”. One of the most famous executions in history.
Plato
The Academy- broad curriculum emphasizing ethics and reasoning to make decisions
The Republic  philosopher-king= no war
Utopia

26. Great Athenian Philosophers
Aristotle
Scientific method.
Logic
People had to study hard to gain control over desires
Earth centered view of the world
Tutors Alexander the Great

27. Athens: The Arts & Sciences
DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
DRAMA (Comedy):
Aristophanes
THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras
Democritus  all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

28. The Parthenon

29. History of the Parthenon
The Parthenon replaced an older temple of Athena, called the Pre-Parthenon or Older Parthenon, that was destroyed in the Persian invasion of 480 BC.
Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon was used as a treasury, and for a time served as the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire.
In the 6th century AD, the Parthenon was converted into a Christian church dedicated to the Virgin.
After the Ottoman conquest, it was converted into a mosque in the early 1460s, and it even had a minaret.
On September 28, 1687, an Ottoman ammunition dump inside the building was ignited by Venetian bombardment. The resulting explosion severely damaged the Parthenon and its sculptures.
In 1806, Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin removed some of the surviving sculptures, with Ottoman permission.
These sculptures, now known as the Elgin or Parthenon Marbles, were sold in 1816 to the British Museum in London, where they are now displayed.
The Greek government is committed to the return of the sculptures to Greece, so far with no success.

30. SPARTA

31. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

32. Peloponnesian Wars
An Elephant vs. a Whale

33. Macedonia Under Philip II

34. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

35. Alexander the Great
Voices from the Past

36. Alexander the Great in Persia

37. The Hellenization of Asia

38. The Economy of the Hellenistic World

39. Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics  Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
Epicurians  Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.

40. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoics  Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.

41. Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Scientists / Mathematicians:
Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.
Euclid  geometry
Archimedes  pulley
Hellenistic Art:
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!