1. Respiratory System

2. Cellular Respiration Occurs in the Mitochondria
Release of energy from breakdown of food (glucose)
Occurs in the presence of oxygen

3. Organism Respiration Occurs in the Lungs
Moves O2 into body tissues (needed for cellular respiration)
Removes CO2 from cells/tissues

4. Function Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the: Blood Air
Tissues

5. Components Nose Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole
Alveoli
Diaphragm

6. Nose
The nose warms and moistens the air. Nose hairs filter large dust particles. Aids in smelling.

7. Pharynx
The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food.

8. Epiglottis
A flap of cartilage tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.

9. Larynx
AKA voice box. Involved in breathing, sound production and prevents food from entering the trachea through coughing.

10. Trachea
AKA windpipe. Connects pharynx and larynx to the lungs. Composed of rings of cartilage.

11. Bronchus
The trachea divides to form the right and left bronchi that travel to each of the lungs.

12. Bronchiole
The bronchus subdivides into smaller airway passages called bronchioles.
The bronchioles terminate into air sacs called alveoli.

13. Alveoli
Alveoli are tiny sacs at the end of the smallest airways. Exchange of O2 and CO2 occur here.

14. Diaphragm
The diaphragm the major muscle of respiration.

15. STOP HERE!

16. Mechanics of Breathing Inhalation
Air inhaled
Rib cage rises up
Diaphragm contracts downward
Active process

17. Mechanics of Breathing Exhalation
Air exhaled
Rib cage lowers
Diaphragm relaxes and domes upward
Passive process

18. Movement of O2 and CO2 in and out of the respiratory sys.

19. Healthy Lungs
Air entering it must be:
Warmed, moistened, filtered

20. Healthy Lungs
Nose hairs: trap large dust particles

21. Healthy Lungs
Mucus: moistens air, traps inhaled dust or smoke particles

22. Healthy Lungs
Cilia: hair-like structures found in the nose and airways of the resp. sys.
Sweeps trapped particles and mucus away from lungs

23. Breathing is Controlled
Breathing is controlled by the medulla oblongata

24. Tobacco and the Respiratory System
Nicotine:
Stimulant
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Very addictive

25. Carbon Monoxide Poisonous gas
Blocks transport of O2 by hemoglobin in blood
Decreases blood’s ability to supply O2 to tissues

26. Contains many cancer-causing compounds
Tar in Cigarettes
Contains many cancer-causing compounds

27. Smoking Paralyzes Function of the Cilia
Inhaled smoke particles stick to respiratory walls or enter lungs. Smoked filled mucus becomes trapped along airways.

28. Smoking Causes the Lining of Respiratory Tract to Swell
Reduces airflow to the alveoli

29. Respiratory Diseases Reduces life expectancy Emphysema Bronchitis
Lung Cancer

30. STOP HERE!

32. Gas Exchange at Inner surface of alveoli
O2 dissolves in moisture
Diffuses across wall of air sac
Enters capillary
O2 binds hemoglobin on RBC
CO2 diffuses from cells/tissues to capillary
CO2 carried by blood to alveoli
CO2 diffuses out of blood to inner surface of alveoli
CO2 exhaled out of lungs

33. Gas Exchange in the Lungs
Gas exchange into blood occurs in the alveoli/capillaries

34. Hemoglobin Increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
(otherwise you would need 300L of blood)