1. Renaissance in the North Chapter 14
Ideas spread northward
huge impact on the culture of the northern European countries
English drama reaches a high point (Shakespeare)
Northern Renaissance emphasis on individualism

2. Spread of Humanism
Francis I (r ) imported Italian artists (e.g., Leonardo da Vinci)
Charles V ruled Holy Roman Empire and Spain till Invaded Italy (Rome in 1527)
Elizabeth I in England made her court a center of art and learning
Shakespeare heavily indebted to esp. Roman authors

3. Art in Germany Albrecht Dürer
- In Italy, studied linear perspective and human anatomy
Matthias Grünewald
- seems to connect more with Medieval Art than Ren

4. Art in the Netherlands (see pp. 340-1)
Hieronymus Bosch
Pieter Bruegel the Elder

5. Music in Elizabethan England
Shows influence of Italian Renaissance
1588 Musica Transalpina (Music from across the Alps)
see p. 347
Thomas Morley
wrote many Madrigals
William Byrd
wrote for virginal (see iTunes Pavana Lachrymae)
John Dowland
ayres (airs)
melancholy songs for voice and lute
“Flow, My Tears”
lute virtuoso
his music very popular with classical guitarist today

6. Drama in England strongly impacted by the Italian Renaissance
with the printing press books became plentiful and cheaper
spread of literacy
Classical dramas of Seneca and others became popular
traveling groups of actors formed
Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the two best know dramatists from this period

7. William Shakespeare (see pp. 350-352)
“universally acknowledged as the greatest writer in the English language”
little know of his life
by 1592 is an actor and playwright in London
Tragedies, Comedies, and Histories
“Through his protagonist, [he] explores the great problems of human existence…”