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Title: Anat & Phys 11/14/06 Objectives: Class Topics

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1 Title: Anat & Phys 11/14/06 Objectives: Class Topics
11/16/2018 Title: Anat & Phys 11/14/06 Objectives: To learn about the nervous system. Class Topics Nervous System Review Saltatory conduction Synapses “Man’s mind stretched to a new idea never goes back to its original dimensions.” Oliver Wendell Holmes Friday, November 16, :04 AM

2 Class Assignments Read 240-270 11/16/06 Nervous system test 11/20/06
11/16/2018 Class Assignments What By When Read /16/06 Nervous system test 11/20/06 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future0

3 Minuses Review each class Review time with specimen
11/16/2018 Minuses Review each class Review time with specimen Class time for lab review Homework/review sheets Add a quiz More hands on activities Slower through the information Slow down Too much info at a time More time on physiology

4 11/16/2018 Myelin Sheath

5 Resting Membrane Potential
11/16/2018 Resting Membrane Potential

6 Label Ion channels Na/K Pump High conc. K Lipid bilayer Low conc. K
11/16/2018 Label Ion channels Na/K Pump Lipid bilayer High conc. Na Low conc. Na Electical charge (mv) High conc. K Low conc. K What moves through pump Electrical gradient Chloride ions

7 Electrical charge (mv)
11/16/2018 Ion channels Movement of ions Lipid bilayer Inside/outside Electrical gradient Electrical charge (mv)

8 Electrical charge (mv) Na/K Pump
11/16/2018 Ion channels Movement of ions Lipid bilayer Inside/outside Electrical gradient Electrical charge (mv) Na/K Pump

9 Resting Membrane Potential
11/16/2018 Resting Membrane Potential From:

10 Sodium/Potassium Pump
11/16/2018 Sodium/Potassium Pump From:

11 Conduction of a nerve impulse
11/16/2018 Conduction of a nerve impulse The action potential moves quickly along a nerve fiber Propagated by the electrical gradient Figure 9-8 (p. 248)

12 11/16/2018 Action potential Zerobio Shippensburg University animation

13 11/16/2018

14 Good Links http://www.zerobio.com/central/actionpotential.htm
11/16/2018 Good Links

15 Animations Action potential Channel gating Other links
11/16/2018 Animations Action potential Channel gating Other links

16 11/16/2018 Saltatory Conduction Movement of action potential along myelinated fibers Impulse moves from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier Moves much faster due to the fact that the impulse jumps over the myelinated areas Can jump up to 3 mm sections 130 m per second compared to 10 m per second for unmyelinated

17 11/16/2018

18 11/16/2018 All-none-response If a stimulus causes an action potential it will be sent the length of the neuron at maximum speed threshold stimulus minimum stimulus needed to send an action potential Summation a series of subthreshold stimuli that eventually add up to a stimulus

19 Anatomy of a synapse Presynaptic neuron Postsynaptic neuron
11/16/2018 Anatomy of a synapse Presynaptic neuron Synaptic end bulb Synaptic vesicles Contain neurotransmitters Chemicals released to relay impulse Postsynaptic neuron Concave surface Synaptic cleft Space between the two neurons

20 11/16/2018

21 Physiology of a synapse
11/16/2018 Physiology of a synapse Nerve impulse enters synaptic end bulb Ca2+ ions enter bulb from outside Synaptic vesicles fuse with cell membrane Exocytosis of neurotransmitters Chemicals diffuse between cells Contact postsynaptic neuron (receptor protein) Can excite neuron or inhibit neuron Depends on what neurotransmitter is released Neurotransmitter is immediately inactivated (ion channel) By enzymes (ex. acetylcholinesterase)

22 Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (Ach) Dopamine
11/16/2018 Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (Ach) neuromuscular junction prominent in PNS Dopamine brain processes that control movement, emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain. Norepinephrine & Epinephrine also called adrenaline sympathetic branch of autonomic system

23 Neurotransmitters Serotonin Melatonin Endorphins found in brain
11/16/2018 Neurotransmitters Serotonin found in brain Melatonin brain - used in sleep Endorphins inhibit the transfer of pain impulses opiates bond to same receptors morphine, heroin, codeine

24 Neurotransmitter actions
11/16/2018 Neurotransmitter actions Inhibitory hyperpolarizes the cell membrane below resting potential unable to conduct an action potential Excitatory depolarizes the cell membrane action potential is sent to next neuron

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