1. The Work of Gregor Mendel

2. Transmission of characteristics from _______________________is called ___________________.
The _________ that studies _____ those
characteristics are _________ from one
generation to the next is called
___________________
parents to offspring
heredity
how
SCIENCE
passed on
Genetics

3. Gregor Mendel The __________________ is _________________,
The __________________ is _________________,
a monk whose _________ of genetic traits was the beginning of our _________________ about _____________________.
Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
study
understanding
how genes work

4. __________ must be able to _______ the other. pair of FACTORS control
Mendel decided that there must be a __________________ that ________each trait and that
__________ must be able to _______ the other.
pair of FACTORS
control
one factor
HIDE

5. We now know that Mendel’s ________________ carried on
the pair of________________
_________________
factors are genes
homologous
chromosomes

6. trait are called ___________.
________ gene
_______ for a
trait are called ___________.
DIFFERENT
CHOICES
ALLELES

7. DOMINANT HIDES RECESSIVE is hidden by
__________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele
__________________ = An allele that __________________ the
presence of another allele
HIDES
RECESSIVE
is hidden by

8. PROBABILITY
____________________ is the __________ that a particular _________________
likelihood
event will occur
It can be written as a:
Fraction ____
Percent ____
Ratio ____
1/4
25%
1:3

9. COIN FLIP 1/2 50% 1:1 There are 2 possible outcomes: HEADS TAILS
COIN FLIP
There are 2 possible outcomes:
HEADS TAILS
The chance the coin will land on either one is:
____ ____ ____
Alleles segregate randomly just like a coin flip. . . So can use probability to predict outcomes of genetic crosses.
1/2
50%
1:1

10. PROBABILITIES _____ outcomes ______ affect _________ones
_____________works ______ in ___________ a ________ number of events.
PAST
DON’T
FUTURE
If last coin flip was heads… there is still a 50/50 chance the next flip will be heads too.
Probability
predicting
best
large
The more flips. . . The closer results will be to
the expected 50:50 average.

11. DOMINANT/RECESSIVE T t capital Dominant Recessive lower-case
_____________ allele is represented by a ____________ letter. (usually the first letter of the trait)
____________ allele is represented by the SAME
_________________ letter.
EX: Tall = ______
Short =______
capital
Recessive
lower-case T t
NOT S for short

12. HOMOZYGOUS HETEROZYGOUS
When both alleles in the pair are the _______, the organism is _______________ or __________
EX: ____ or ___
When both alleles in the pair are _____________, the organism is
_________________ or _____________
Ex: ____
SAME
HOMOZYGOUS PURE
TT tt
DIFFERENT
HETEROZYGOUS HYBRID Tt

13. PHENOTYPE/GENOTYPE
The ________________ of an organism is its _____________
The ____________of an organism is
its _____________
genetic makeup
GENOTYPE
appearance
PHENOTYPE

14. PUNNETT SQUARES
are used to show possible offspring from a cross between 2 parents
_______________ go at
top and on left side
Boxes show ____________ ___________________
Parent alleles
T T
TT TT
Tt Tt T t
possible offspring combinations

15. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought
ENVIRONMENT influences
____________________________ the ________________________.
= ________________________
Genes ________ the ______ for development, but how plan unfolds also _______ on ______________conditions.
expression of genes
“Nature vs Nurture”
provide plan
depends environmental

16. GENES are more complicated than Mendel thought
Some traits have ____________ allele __________
= ____________________
EX: Eye color
Allele choices ___ ___ ___
choices
MORE than 2
MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT
Blue
Brown
Green

17. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
Some traits are determined by
____________________________
= __________________
EX: human height intelligence, skin & eye color
MORE THAN ONE GENE
POLYGENIC TRAIT

18. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
Traits determined by ____________ _________ have _____ “___________” phenotypes
MORE than
ONE gene
many
in-between
There aren’t just SMART people
and DUMB people….
there is a ________________
of intelligences in-between
whole range

19. GENES are more complicated than MENDEL thought
KINDS OF DOMINANCE
____________________
COMPLETE DOMINANCE
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
CO-DOMINANCE

20. COMPLETE DOMINANCE Dominant masks recessive Recessive returns 3:1 F2
__________ allele _______ the ___________ one
PATTERN ? ____________ allele ________
in a _____ratio in the ____ generation
Recessive
returns
3:1 F2

21. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE DON’T SEE __________ expected _____ ratio in
F2 generation
_____________ organisms with one dominant and one recessive allele show a _________ in-between trait
3:1
Heterozygous
BLENDED
Image modified from:

22. CO-DOMINANCE
BOTH
_______ traits are expressed at ___________ (_____________________) in heterozygote
SAME TIME
NO BLENDING
ROAN
A ________HORSE has ______________ hair and __________ hair
side by side
BOTH RED
WHITE

23. CO-DOMINANCE
Both traits are expressed together (NO BLENDING) in heterozygote
Persons with an A allele AND a B allele have blood type AB

24. The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes
BLOOD TYPES have more than 2 allele choices = _________________________
MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAIT
The pattern of sugars that is attached is determined by genes
Allele choices are:
_____ ____ ____ A B O

25. A and B are CO-DOMINANT A cell with BOTH an A and a B allele has BOTH