1. “Biology Must Knows”
answers

2. 1. Cell parts

3. 2. Differentiate between active and passive transport.
No energy needed
Goes from greater to lesser concentrations
Ex: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, gated ion channels
ATP energy needed
Goes from lesser to greater concentrations
Ex: endocytosis, exocytosis

4. 3. What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Active processes – need ATP energy
Endocytosis – takes in
materials
Pinocytosis – liquids
Phagocytosis - solids
Exocytosis – puts out

5. 4/5. Types of organic macromolecules all have Carbon
Carbohydrates – C,H,O
Lipids

6. Proteins
Nucleic Acids

7. 7. Fluid Mosaic Model
Diffusion – movement of molecules from greater to lesser concentrations
Osmosis – diffusion of water across a membrane
Facilitated diffusion – needs a transport or carrier protein
Gated ion channels – allow passage of ions
All of above are PASSIVE – no energy needed

8. 8. Hypotonic – less solute than in solution; water goes in the cell
Hypertonic – more solute than in solution; water leaves the cell
Isotonic – solute concentrations are equal, so equal movement

9. 9. Trophic levels Consumers eat food, producers make their own food
10% rule – only 10 percent of the energy is passed to each succeeding tropic level

10. 10.
Exponential growth : the population doubles with each measurement period

11. Complimentary DNA: TGT AAC GCC TCA mRNA: ACA UUG CGG AGU
11/12.
DNA: ACA TTG CGG AGT
Complimentary DNA: TGT AAC GCC TCA
mRNA: ACA UUG CGG AGU

12. 13. triplets
14. codons
15. A cell copies it’s DNA: S phase
16. DNA is in the nucleus in eukaryotes, in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes
17. A chromosome is a strand of DNA,
18.replicated, looks like X in eukaryotes, like a O in prokaryotes
19. DNA structure discovered by Watson and Crick
20. Called a double helix

13. 21.Karyotype – display of chromosomes to detect abnormalities in number or structure of chromosome #21

14. How does DNA make proteins?
The sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases on DNA, which is transcribed into a mRNA molecule, then translated into a sequence of amino acids, which make up a protein
What are proteins used for?
Build muscle tissue, hair, nails, enzymes
What do enzymes do?
Lower the activation energy of a reaction. This allows chemical reactions in living organisms to occur at lower temperatures

15. 10. Recombination – mixing of alleles at fertilization
Crossing over – portions of
chromosomes
break off and switch with
other homologous

16. 23.. Mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT)
2 diploid daughter cells result, identical

17. Meiosis – 2 cell divisions (Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2)
4 gametes which are haploid
(only 1 surviving in females)

18. 24. mitosis: all somatic cells, meiosis: germ cells (testes and ovaries)
25. mitosis: 2 meiosis: 4
26. daughter cells in mitosis are diploid; in meiosis are haploid

19. 27.
1. male 2 or female
2. male 1 or female
3. male 2
4. male 2 or female
5. male 1 or male 2
28. Male 2

20. 29. Pedigree chart
Males with the disorder:
4,14
Carriers: 2,5,8,10,11,15
all are females
32. More males, because they only need the gene on their one X-chromosome to show the thait.

21. 12.
Determine genetic relationships and probability of traits appearing
If sex-linked, are on the X chromosome and appear mostly in males
Carriers (females) have 1 copy of the trait, but are heterozygous, so it doesn’t appear.