1. Chinese Belief Systems
Confucianism
Legalism
Daoism
Buddhism

2. Shang Dynasty Ruled by aristocracy Major concern was war
Believed supernatural forces could help rulers in worldly affairs
Priests made oracle bones
Ancestor worship
Life after death

3. Zhou Dynasty
Mandate of Heaven – king must have authority to rule from Heaven
dynastic cycles
Patriarchal
Farming and irrigation
Chinese written language
Build Great Walls

4. Review – do now in spiral
Conflicts during the Warring States Period at the end of the Zhou Dynasty led many people to question the nature of society and people’s role in it.
The effort to make sense of the chaos led to the creation of new Chinese philosophies
Review – do now in spiral
Describe one effect that the Silk Roads had on ancient China

5. Major Philosophies of China
Confucianism
Legalism
Taoism

6. The Warring States Period
Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty
Led to period of upheaval and chaos
Needed to restore
Social order
Harmony
Respect for authority

7. Confucius 551 BC- 479 BC Known as Kongfuzi
Chinese teacher and philosopher
Philosopher
A person who offers theories or ideas on “big questions”
Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China

8. Confucianism Confucius believed that: People are naturally good
People should treat each other humanely
Importance of education in creating good, stable government
Need for educated civil servants
Individual must find and accept their proper place in society

9. Confucianism
Believed society should be organized around five basic relationships
Ruler -----Subject
Father-----Son
Husband----Wife
Older Brother----Younger Brother
Friend----Friend

10. The Five Relationship

11. The Five Relationships
Example:
Rulers should practice kindness and virtuous living
Subjects should be loyal and law abiding
Stressed importance of:
Family
Filial Piety
Children should respect their parents and elders
Worship ancestors
Patriarchal society
Education

12. Major Principles of Confucianism
Li --> Rite, rules, how you should act in a community
Ren --> humaneness for others; helping others
Shu --> Reciprocity, empathy
Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you.
Yi --> Righteousness and morality
Xiao --> Filial Piety (Respect your parents and elders)

13. The Analects
Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society
Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy – government jobs should be given according to merit

14. Confucian Temple Complex

15. Significance of Confucianism
Cornerstone of Chinese tradition and culture
Adopted by most Chinese
preserved patriarchal society
Spread to areas that were under China’s control or influence
Korea and Vietnam

16. Closure What is Filial Piety?
What impact did Confucianism have on China?

17. Filial Piety
The Master [i.e. Confucius] said, “In serving his parents the filial son is as reverent as possible to them while they are living. In taking care of them he does so with all possible joy; when they are sick he is extremely anxious about them; when he buries them he is stricken with grief; when he sacrifices to them he does so with the utmost solemnity. These five [duties] being discharged in full measure, then he has been able [truly] to serve his parents.”

18. Focus
The Qin adopted the philosophy of legalism and used it to maintain strict control of the Chinese population
Lao Tzu encouraged people to seek a balance with nature by following the Taoist philosophy
Do Now:
What was Confucian idea of relationship of ruler and subject?

19. Legalism Founded by Han Feizi
Lived during the Warring States period
Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty

20. Principles of Legalism
Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil
Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force
Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order
Supported harsh penalties
Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

21. Principles of Legalism
Placed little value on education
should be controlled by government
Ideas needed to be strictly controlled
Rulers should burn all writings that are critical of the government
War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

22. Daoism Founded by Lao Zi Began during the Warring States Period
Stressed importance of balance in nature
Yin
Yang

23. The Universe of Opposites:
Yin
Masculine
Active
Light
Warmth
Strong
Heaven; Sun
Feminine
Passive
Darkness
Cold
Weak
Earth; Moon
Yang

24. Daoism “The Way” The Tao
A universal life force that is present in nature
Guides all things
Human understanding of nature and harmony achieved by following “the way”

25. Daoism
Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony
Natural flow of events would solve problems
Rely on senses and instincts
Stressed importance of individuals and less government

27. The Question
How do we best achieve social order and harmony in society??
Confucianism --> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

28. Closure
How was Legalism used by the Qin to control the people of China?
What role does balance play in the Daoist teachings?
What is one difference between Legalism and Confucianism?

29. China’s river valley civilizations laid the foundations of Chinese culture. Important Chinese philosophies , Confucianism, legalism, and Taoism developed.
Do Now:
Identify one difference between legalism and Confucianism

30. China Review
What are two natural barriers that influenced the development of civilization in China?
Identify one effect these barriers had on China

31. China Review What is this structure
What does it tell us about the Chinese view of the outside world?

32. China Review What trade route is shown in this map?
What impact did it have on China?

33. China Review

34. China Review
Explain the process that is shown in this image?