1. Sex & Gender

2. What is Sex? Sex: biological identity of being female or male
Primary & secondary sex characteristics
Issue of biological determinism
Social behavior explained by sex characteristics

3. So What is Gender?
Socially, culturally defined attitudes, behaviors, activities appropriate for each sex
gender socialization
gender roles: expected behavior for being female or male
normative
femininity, masculinity
stereotypes
gender identity: how individual comes to see self as woman or man

4. An Example in 2004……

5. Sexuality Sexuality: constructing and negotiating erotic relationships
Normative behavior based on gender role expectations
Sexual orientation: preference for emotional-sexual relationship
Heterosexual
Homosexual
Bisexual
Heteronormative society

6. Are Men Genderless? Addressing consciousness of masculinity
Hegemonic masculinity: ideology that asserts dominant pattern of masculinity as:
White, male, middle class, heterosexual, intelligent, athletic, able-bodied, successful
Subversive masculinity
Multiple masculinities

7. The Social Construction of Gender (Lorber, 1996)
“Gender is a human invention…gender organizes social relations in everyday life as well as the major social institutions, such as social class and the hierarchies of bureaucratic organizations.”
Gender IS a social institution
Gender is a continuous process
“doing gender”

8. Gender Stratification
Unequal access to wealth, power, prestige based on gender
Differential distribution of economic, political, social resources
All societies stratified by gender
Historically, men have benefited
Men: dominant (majority)
Women: minority