1. Chapter 2
Early People

2. Essential Questions
How did early people interact to meet their basic needs?
Why did early people change from food collectors to food producers?
How did early societies become more complex and change into cities?

3. Key terms Descendant B.C. Consequence A.D. Extinct B.C.E. Technology
Artifact
Specialize
Domesticate
Livestock
Pastoral society
Slash and burn
B.C.
A.D.
B.C.E.
C.E.
Obsidian
Import
Export
Ziggurat
City-state
civilization

4. Hunters and gatherers BIG IDEAS:
Early people lived and worked together to survive.
Most early people lived in bands (about 30 people).
They migrated to hunt and gather food. Over time, these bands spread throughout the world.

5. Hunters and gatherers Women gathered fruits, berries, nuts and roots.
Men hunted large animals such as, wooly mammoths, mastodons, deer and bison.
Nomads
Meat Skin Bones
Food Clothing Tools
Shelter

6. = = Hunters and gatherers Types of tools: Technology
Hooks for fishing
Needles for sewing
Stones and bones for spears (atlatl)
Plant fibers were weaved into ropes
Hunting Techniques
Chasing animals off a cliff
Disguising as animals to creep closer
THIS PERIOD IS KNOWN AS THE OLD STONE
AGE, OR THE PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
Technology = =

8. Hunters and gatherers Early People on the Move
As population increased and herds moved, bands spread across the world.
The Ice Ages
Land bridges formed over frozen oceans
This allowed for the migration of early people

9. HUNTERS AND GATHERERS Early Cultures and Societies
As bands spread, they developed their own culture, or unique way of doing things.
People had different clothing, shelters, tools, artifacts, art, ideas, and languages.
People began to specialize in their work
Each person was responsible for a particular job based on their skills and the needs of the band.

10. DO NOW
Directions: Compare and contrast cultures of early people and cultures today.
THEN
NOW

11. = Herders and farmers BIG IDEAS:
Over time, early people became food producers instead of food collectors.
Some early societies domesticated animals, raised livestock, and grew crops.
Cause Effects
Agriculture Food
increases Population
Conflict over land =

12. Herders and farmers
Nomads: usually moved with herds and did not build permanent shelters.
Today, nomads are called pastoral societies.
Bedouins live in the
deserts of northern
Africa and southwestern
Asia.

13. Herders and farmers
Early people began “domesticating plants” and grew crops. The first plants to be grown as crops were wheat and barley.
As people grew crops they began to develop farming skills and built permanent shelters.
New tools & techniques developed
The first plow
Slash and burn

14. Agriculture More food More people More conflict
Herders and farmers
Agriculture
More food
More people
More conflict

15. Early settlements & cities
BIG IDEAS:
New ways of life developed when settlements were built in southwestern Asia.
Jericho, Catal Huyuk, and Ur were the first and oldest settlements in the world.

16. Early settlements & cities
Jericho
8000 B.C.
Early herders and farmers developed Jericho
Grew wheat and barley
Extra grain was traded for obsidian, a black volcanic rock
Obsidian was durable for tools
Built on oasis … good water source
Water needed to be defended
Built ginormous walls around the city to protect from enemies and possible floods

17. Early settlements & cities
Catul Huyuk
7000 B.C. in Turkey
Early herders and farmers formed Catul Huyuk
Wheat, barley, peas
Domesticated animals
Hunters – wall paintings
Traders
Raw materials
Obsidian, flint, copper, shells and timber
Clay homes

18. Early settlements & cities
Mesopotamia
Between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
Fertile Crescent
“land between two rivers” Ur
Complex society
Ziggurats with temples
Specialization of jobs
Pottery, weaving, working with leather (tanner)
Soon nearby farms came under Ur’s control, leading to the formation of the city-state

19. Early settlements & cities
Three ways to develop a civilization: