1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH. 21n 17o CLASS NOTES
Civilization and Urbanization

2. The Beginning of State Formation… (You should know this story by now!!!)
Nomadic (H-G) settle into small villages (1st Ag. Rev.)
Work / CITY specialization
Classes develop, status in society
Villages incorporate to larger cities under central authority (CORE)
Begins formation of state

3. Urbanization and State Formation
Transforms egalitarian (equal) societies into stratified (layers of classes, jobs), specialized ones
Why???
How is Urbanization distributed around globe today???

5. The Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)
FORMATIVE ERA – (5000 BCE – 2000 BCE) Development of “states” and “urbanization”
Mesopotamia, Nile River (Egypt), Indus River (India)
“City” becomes focus of state planning
??? must flow into city (C-P / Von Thunen)

10. Diffusion Patterns

11. Functions of the City??? Religious Centers
Government Centers (Services)
Educational Centers
Economic / Trade Centers
Cultural / Social Centers
Protection Center

12. How do Populations / Cities Diffuse?
Trade Routes
Rise and Decline of Civilizations / Empires
Mediterranean Sea
Egypt, Greece, Rome

14. Empire of Alexander the Great (Diffusion Type?)

15. Hail Caesar!!!

16. Why Empires Decline / Fail…?
Trade and Transport networks break down
Misrule, corruption, external attack, revolt
Social Order breaks down – hard to control foreign peoples

17. City Classifications – Gideon Sjoberg
Cities are products of their societies
1. Folk-Preliterate (agricultural settlement)
2. Feudal (Status of houses {manor})
3. Pre-Industrial (architecture and arts influence on religious / gov’t buildings)
4. Urban-Industrial (high rise / econ. & financial takeover of city core)

18. Classic Urban Banana – London to Japan

20. Modern City – Marked by elaborate road. construction leading to
Modern City – Marked by elaborate road construction leading to suburbanization
Postmodernism – Modern styles that focus on entertainment and consumption culture contrasting with older historical (manufacturing) roots

21. Primate Cities
If no other city in a country even comes close to rivaling the largest city in terms of size or influence, the city is a primate city
Serves as the financial, political, and population center of a country
Often, but not always, the capital city
more than twice as populous as the next largest city (“disproportionately large”)
Not all countries have primate cities
Often found in less developed countries

22. Examples France: Paris (2.2 million); next is Marseilles with 800,000
United Kingdom: London (6.9 million); next is Birmingham with 1 million
Mexico: Mexico City (9.8 million in the city; 16.6 million in the metropolitan area); next is Guadalajara with 1.7 million
Thailand: Bangkok (5.9 million); next is Nakhon Ratchasima with 278,000
Bangkok has been called “the most primate city on earth” because it is 40 times larger than Nakhon Ratchasima

23. Countries WITHOUT primate cities
India's most populous city is Mumbai (formerly Bombay) with 9.9 million; second is Delhi with 7 million, third is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) with 4.4 million, and fourth is Chennai (formerly Madras) with 3.8 million.
With the New York City metropolitan area population at approximately 20.1 million, second ranked Los Angeles at 15.8 million, and even third ranked Chicago at 8.8 million, the United States lacks a primate city.
China, Canada, Australia, and Brazil are additional examples of non-primate-city countries.