1. Evolution
Change over time

2. What Did They Believe About the Beginning of Time in the 1800’s?
World was round
Earth revolved around the sun

3. What do we know about the Earth now?
Formed about 4.6 billion years ago
By 2.2 billion years ago it looked similar to today
Oxygen was not abundant in the early atmosphere
In a process known as runaway accretion, successively larger fragments of dust and debris clumped together to form planets. Earth formed in this manner about 4.54 billion years ago (with an uncertainty of 1%) and was largely completed within 10–20 million years.

4. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
Acquired Traits
Traits developed during a parent’s lifetime were passed to their offspring
No evidence to support this hypothesis

5. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of Evolution
Traveled to the Galapagos islands
Hypothesis: The species on these islands originated from Central and South America

6. Species
A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce fertile offspring among themselves

7. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Observations
All 13 species of finches were similar except for their body size, beak shape, and eating habits

8. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Collecting more data
Darwin returned to England and continued making observations and comparisons with his Galapagos data
James Hutton: foundation for uniformitarianism…first to believe the Earth was billions of years old
Charles Lyell: included rock layering and printed the idea of Uniformitarianism in the Principles of Geology
Uniformitarianism: Earth’s geological changes are uniform and continuous
Malthus: overcrowding of populations limits resources….keeps population in check

9. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Natural Selection
Organisms with traits best suited for the environment will survive and reproduce

10. Principles of Natural Selection
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
Overeproduction

11. Principles of Natural Selection
2. Variations occur among individuals of the same species
Variation

12. Variation
Inherited traits that make an individual different from other members of the same species

13. Principles of Natural Selection
3. Some variations are helpful.
adaptations

14. Principles of Natural Selection
4. Over time successful offspring will make up more of the population
Survival of the Fittest