1. Chapter 19 The Industrial Revolution

2. 19-1 Dawn of the Industrial Age
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the way
Industrial revolution- greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England
J.t.- first of scientific farmers. Seed drill, placed in rows; roots then other vegetables;

3. Two Revolutions
First Revolution: , transportation, mass production, energy, movement, social reform; England and Germany
Second Revolution: , chemistry and electricity; U.S.

4. Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England
Industrialization-
Why did it start in England?
Enclosures increase output but causes migration.
Population multiplies. Why?
Process of eveloping machine production of goods, 1- water pwr and coal 2. iron ore, for tools and buildings 3. rivers, transportation 4. harbors, for merchants factors of production- resources needed to produce goods and services

5. Population increase from 1800-1900.
The Dutch invented better ways to farm and new machines that increased food production.
Population increase from
Why?
First used to pump water, then used for transportation and movement; g. stephenson- began first railroad line; four effects spurred industrial growth, new jobs, boosted agricultural and fishing industries, traavel easy; steam engine, smelt

6. 19-2 Industrialization Problems with industrialization:
Urbanization- Why? 1. 2. 3.
Overpopulation, unhealthy working conditions, pollution, child labor, class tension.
soaring population growth, demand for workers, decrease in demand for farmers

7. Living Conditions Rapid growth in cities led to:
What was the effect on the working class?
Methodists-
Sunday school
Lack of sanitation and disease led to cholera, pollution, and crime. increase in religion and bad health; church set up by john wesley to uplift people in slums and Sunday school

8. Working Conditions The Average work week was.. Dangerous- Child labor-
14 hours, 6 days; boiler explosions, limbs caught in belts, coal mines were the worst, child labor was cheap

9. Class Tensions Grow “Captains of the Industry” vs. “Robber Barrons”
Most of the wealth belonged to the middle class.
Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Political power of working class eventually increased and social problems declined
Labor unions
New technology
“Captains of the Industry” vs. “Robber Barrons”
Job creation, wealth of the nation, raised standard of living (middle class), hope of improvement and progress

10. Industrialization Spreads 19-3
The United States has similar resources as Britain to mechanize its industries.
The War of 1812-
Technological boom in the U.S. came from:
Natural resources, light bulb, telephone, urban population, manufactured goods

11. 19-4 Reforming the Industrial World
The Philosophers of Industrialization
laissez faire-
criticized government regulation of businesses.
Adam Smith- “The Wealth of Nations”

12. The Economists of Capitalism
Thomas Malthus, “An Essay on the Principle of Population”
Opposed government efforts to help poor workers. Creating minimum wages laws and better working conditions would undermine the production of wealth in society.
Ricardo-wages would drop as population increased;

13. The Rise of Socialism Jeremy Bentham Utilitarianism-
Promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
It was wrong that workers lived deprived lives and were poor.
Believed in equal division of profits
Argued that the government should try to promote the gratest good for the greatest number of people

14. Utopian Ideas Socialism- Robert Owen- Argument:
Factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all. P.737; argued that the gov control would end poverty and promote equality, workers should help and not exploit employees

15. Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx and Frederich Engels “The Communist Manifesto”
Communism-
Industrializatin inriched the wealthy and impoverished the poor; a form of complete socialism in which the means of production- lands, factories, owned by the people and would be shared equaly.

16. Labor Unions and Reform Laws
What does a union do?
Strike-
American federation of labor;

17. The Reform Movement Spreads
Reform Laws
Factory Act 1833-
Mines Act 1842-
Ten Hours Act 1847-
The Reform Movement Spreads
The Abolition of Slavery
When did slavery end in: U.S., Puerto Rico, Cuba, Brasil?
1865,1873, 1886, 1888