1. 3/26 Daily Catalyst Pg. 99 Respiratory System
1. What is the SA/V for this cell? Round your answer to the nearest hundredths.
(surface area/volume)
2. How is blood sugar levels and maintaining these levels is an example of negative feedback loop.
3. When you hold your breath, which of the following first leads to the urge to breathe?
A. falling CO2
B. falling O2
C. Rising CO2
D. rising pH of the blood
E. both C. and D.

2. 1. What is the SA/V for this cell
1. What is the SA/V for this cell? Round your answer to the nearest hundredths.

3. 3/26 Daily Catalyst Pg. 99 Respiratory System
2. How is blood sugar levels and maintaining these levels is an example of negative feedback loop.
Insulin works to decrease your blood glucose (stimulus) by taking glucose into cells.
3. When you hold your breath, which of the following first leads to the urge to breathe?
A. falling CO2
B. falling O2
C. Rising CO2
D. rising pH of the blood
E. both C. and D. E

4. 3/26 Class Business
Quiz #25 on Friday
Tutoring available after school

5. 3/26 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business Reading quiz
Respiratory System
Video clip
Chi-squared practice problem

6. 3/26 Reading Quiz NAME: __________ Period: 3 Date: 3/26 Score: ____/4
1. Give an example of a negative feedback using blood clotting as the premise.
2. What are the 3 most common respiratory organs?
3. Why do fish receive less oxygen in water?
4. How does the structure of the lungs relate to their function?

7. 3/19 Reading Quiz
1. Give an example of a negative feedback using blood clotting as the premise.
When the blood vessel is broken, the body secretes platelets and clotting factors. When the vessel is stitched, the body will stop secreting clotting factors.
2. What are the 3 most common respiratory organs?
Lungs, gills, and trachea
3. Why do fish receive less oxygen in water?
There is less oxygen in water
4. How does the structure of the lungs relate to their function?
The spongy texture of the lungs allow for oxygen to diffuse through and CO2

8. 3/26 Daily Objective
Organisms have various mechanisms for obtaining nutrients and eliminating wastes

9. Respiratory systems of aquatic and terrestrial animals

10. The Respiratory System
Key Point #1:
Gas exchange is the uptake of molecular O2 from the environment and the discharge of CO2 to the environment
Once more, we see the reliance on the environment
Think-Pair-Share
The respiratory system is different than respiration. How does respiration rely on the respiratory system?

11. Key Point #2: Sources of Oxygen
Terrestrial animals:
Air
Aquatic animals:
Water
Much less than air

12. Once more, the interaction with the environment
Key Point #3: Respiratory surface is the part of the animals body where gases are exchanged with the surrounding environment
The earthworm uses its entire body as a respiratory organ. Gases move by diffusion across its general body surface. Just below the skin are capillaries ready for exchange. Sponges move gases by their plasma membranes that are close to the external environment. Now the type of respiratory surface is going to depend on if the organism lives on water or land and its metabolic needs.

13. Stop and jot
The respiratory system in an endotherm or ectotherm would be larger and why?
The respiratory system of an endotherm would be larger because endotherms have increased metabolic demands and will require a larger intake of oxygen to meet the metabolic demands such as for respiration and thermoregulation.
Add this answer to your notes and along with other reasons that effect how large a respiratory surface is.

14. Oxygen Consumption (mL)
With your cooperative partner,
Mass (g)

15. Respiratory Organs
For most organisms, the skin is insufficient at exchanging gases.
Solution: respiratory organs
Key Point #4: Respiratory organs
Gills, tracheae, and lungs
The most common respiratory organs

16. Gills in Aquatic Animals
Key Point #5: Gills are outfoldings of the body surface that are in water
Yes, great aquatic environment, but oxygen content in water is much lower than air.
To counter this, ventilation occurs
Ventilation is increasing the oxygen over the respiratory surface
Current of water

17. Gills in Aquatic Animals
To reduce the energy cost of ventilation:
Key Point #6: Blood flows in the opposite direction to the movement of water past the gills
Countercurrent exchange
Creates a DIFFUSION GRADIENT (High in water-low in blood)
We love diffusion! Why?!
No ATP is used!

18. Gills in Aquatic Animals
Where else have we seen countercurrent exchange?
Ch. 40
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Warm temperature to core of body and cold air to our parts of the body

19. Gills in Aquatic Animals
Why are gills unsuitable for animals living on land?
Evaporation of water from gills
Gills would collapse

20. Mammalian Respiratory System
Intersection of food and air
Air enters. Filtered and humidified
Voice Box
Windpipe. Cartilage
Finer tubes
Spongy texture. Site of gas diffusion
Branches into the lungs
Cluster or air sacs. Site of gas exchange. Capillaries

21. The Control Center What controls all of this? The brain Where?
Key Point #7: Medulla
Set the breathing rhythm and monitors CO2 levels and pH levels
pH?
Yes, lower pH indicated acid and more CO2 so we breathe!

22. Breathing control is only effective if it is coordinated with control of the cardiovascular system so that ventilation is matched to blood flow.
During exercise, for instance, an increased breathing rate, which enhances O2 uptake and CO2 removal, is coupled with an increase in cardiac output.
Key Point #8: The cardiovascular rate and respiratory rate are proportional to one another

23. Think-pair-share
A slight decrease in blood pH causes the heart’s pacemaker to speed up. What is the function of this control mechanism?
The pace maker sets the pace of the heart (heart beats). If the pH of the blood decreases (more acid) this means there is more CO2 in the blood and for the body to get rid of the CO2 then the blood needs to pump the CO2 to the lungs get rid of it and more O2 needs to be inhaled and delivered throughout the body by the blood.

24. Oxygen Carrier HEMOGLOBIN!!! Protein 4 subunits Heme group
Iron at the center of each heme group
1 Fe binds 1 O2
= 4 O2 total

25. Cooperativity in hemoglobin
Key Point #9: When one O2 binds to a heme group, the other 3 heme groups slightly change shape and increase their affinity for O2
Peer Pressure!
Affects unloading too? O2

26. What promotes the unloading of O2?
High levels of CO2
Acidic pH
Lower amounts of O2

27. Carbon Dioxide Transport
Plasma= 7%
Hemoglobin = 23%
Blood as HCO3- = 70%
HCO3- is what is detected by the medulla to increase inhaling of O2

28. CO2 + H20  H2CO3 (acidic and unstable)
CO2 diffuses from respiring cells to the blood and the blood flows to the lungs
Concentration gradient
CO2 + H20  H2CO3 (acidic and unstable)
H2CO3 breaks down into H+ and HCO3-

29. Turn and Talk
How does the increase in the CO2 concentration in the blood affect the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid?
An increase in CO2 is a decrease in the pH and the fluid will detect the acidic pH and motion to the medulla to exhale CO2.

30. Video Clip