1. Changes To Upper and Lower Canada

2. Focus Question
What important changes took place in Upper and Lower Canada from 1815 – 1838?

3. Key Vocabulary Canadian- English speaking person living in Canada
Canadien-
French speaking person living in Canada
Immigrant
a person who leaves his/her country to live in another country
Great Migration
many immigrants from Great Britain moved to Upper Canada.
Timber
Wood that has been cut down; lumber
Potash
Ash from burnt wood
Mast
Pole on a ship that holds the sail
Sawmill
Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

4. Upper and Lower Canada Changes
Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower Canada experienced population explosions (growth).
The population increase in Lower Canada occurred mostly because of a high birth rate among French-speaking people
In Upper Canada, a wave of settlers from Great Britain helped increase the population from 70,000 to 430,000.
This was called “The Great Migration”

5. Upper Canada
These people were forced to spend up to 20 days to 4 months living in ships that had been used to transport timber.
Living conditions on immigrant ships were often horrible, and many immigrants died during the long voyage from Europe.
Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the ship and cared for in quarantine.
This huge population growth is known as the “The Great Migration” .

6. Why did the Great Migration Occur?
Many farmers in Great Britain were being forced by their landlords to leave their small farms for grazing sheep.
Industrial Revolution- machines were taking over the jobs of Artisans(skilled worker)
Starvation- people in Ireland were starving because of poor potato crops (potato famine)

7. Other Changes
In addition to changes to the population, there were 2 other major changes in
The Timber Trade
Wood made up 80% of goods exported by 1839
The End of Competition in the Fur Trade
1821 – Northwest Company joined the Hudson Bay Company