1. The Detrusor Muscle: An Innocent Victim of Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Vincenzo Mirone, Ciro Imbimbo, Nicola Longo, Ferdinando Fusco 
European Urology 
Volume 51, Issue 1, Pages (January 2007)
DOI: /j.eururo
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2. Fig. 1
Mechanical stretch stress activates bladder wall mechanosensors, which activate intracellular transduction pathways leading to modify gene expression. BOO=bladder outlet obstruction; PDGF-R=platelet-derived growth factor receptor; JNK=c-jun NH2-terminal kinase; AP-1=transcription factor activator protein-1; AT2=angiotensin 2; AT1=angiotensin receptor 1; PKC=protein kinase C; HB-EGF=heparin-binding epidermal growth factor; BMP-2=bone morphogenetic protein 2; SUPAR=soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor; THBD=thrombomodulin; COX-2=cyclooxygenase 2; GEM=guanosine triphosphate-binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle; LIF=leukemia inhibitory factor; DUSP-1=dual specificity phosphatase 1; ELL-2=elongation factor; PAR2=protease-activated receptor 2; NGF=nerve growth factor.
European Urology  , 57-66DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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