1. Carbohydrate Disposal – early stuff
Questions
Carbohydrate Disposal – early stuff

2. 18. Inadequate Digestion
Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely lead to flatulence (ie production of volatile short chain fatty acids and gases in the lower bowel)?
Consumption of sucrose by someone with lactase deficiency
Consumption of amylopectin starch
Consumption of amylose starch
Consumption of dairy products pre-treated with lactase
Consumption of glucose in association with an amylase inhibitor
lactase not involved with sucrose digestion 14 13
127 19 46
amylopectin easily digested by amylase
much passes into lower bowel
lactase will break down lactose and allow full absorption
amylase not needed for glucose absorption

3. 19. Blood Glucose Homeostasis
Which statement is CORRECT?
Two days of continual exposure to a blood glucose concentration of 10 mM will cause a coma
The reaction between proteins and glucose is not an enzyme catalysed process
Glycosylation does not affect the function of proteins
When blood glucose concentration is 5 mM, the rate of reaction between proteins and glucose is zero
Hyperglycemia causes problems faster than hypoglycemia
lots of people walk around with moderate hyperglycemia 39
124 10 30 14
yes, no enzyme needed
glycosylation most certainly DOES cause malfunction
glycosylation is proportional to glucose concentration
hypoglycemia is immediate, hyperglycemia several months or years

4. 20. Glycemic Index Which statement is INCORRECT?
It is not practical to measure the glycemic index of meat
The reference food used in glycemic index determinations is normally glucose
The glycemic index is a relative measure of the peak blood glucose concentration caused by a food
Legumes have a lower glycemic index than white bread
Sucrose has a lower glycemic index than amylopectin starch
true statement – not enough carbs to give a 50 g dose 32 12
133 7 34
true statement – white bread sometimes used too
not the peak, the area under the curve
intuitively true (legumes contain amylose)
strange but true – sucrose is half fructose which is not ‘glycemic’

5. 21. GLUT-4 51 29 55 33 53 E A B
GLUT-4 moves from Golgi to cell membrane after meal
Glucose transporter number in response to a glucose load (that is completely cleared from the bloodstream in about 2 hours) C D
The number of GLUT-4 transporters in the vesicles of the Golgi apparatus in muscle cells

6. 22. GLUT-2 47 46 53 22 E A B GLUT-2 present all the time C D
Glucose transporter number in response to a glucose load (that is completely cleared from the bloodstream in about 2 hours) C D
The number of GLUT-2 transporters on the cell membrane of liver cells

7. 23. GLUT-1 46 55 56 17 E A B GLUT-1 present all the time C D
Glucose transporter number in response to a glucose load (that is completely cleared from the bloodstream in about 2 hours) C D
The number of GLUT-1 transporters on the cell membrane of brain cells

8. 24. Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Which statement is INCORRECT?
Anomeric forms of monosaccharides result from ring formation
Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacteone are both trioses
Interconversion of glucose and galactose occurs spontaneously in solution
Glucose, fructose and galactose are all hexoses
Conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6- phosphate involves changing an aldose into a ketose
true statement 12 14 94 73 23
they are
oh no! need epimerases
all six carbons
glucose is aldose, fructose is ketose

9. 25. Rate Limiting Steps
Which of the following enzymes is most likely to catalyse a ‘rate limiting step’ in a pathway
High Vmax enzyme that catalyses irreversible conversion of SP with the prevailing [S] being about the same as the Km of the enzyme.
High Vmax enzyme that catalyses reversible conversion of SP with the prevailing [S] being about the same as the Km of the enzyme
High Vmax enzyme that catalyses reversible conversion of SP with the prevailing [S] being about 2-fold the Km of the enzyme
Moderate Vmax enzyme that catalyses reversible conversion of SP with the prevailing [S] being about 2-fold the Km of the enzyme
Low Vmax enzyme that catalyses irreversible conversion of SP with the prevailing [S] being about 20-fold the Km of the enzyme
Looking for slow, irreversible and saturated
fast, irreversible, not saturated 55 4 22 2
130
fast, reversible, not saturated
fast, reversible, not saturated
?fast, reversible, not saturated
slow, irreversible, saturated