1. World war ii

2. World War II World War II was a global conflict
It had separate origins in both Asia and Europe.
An extension of World War I
Japanese, Italian, and German aggression triggered it
first in Asia and the Pacific
then in Europe, North Africa, and the North Atlantic
The Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, and Japan
The Allied Powers
the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union

3. Origins of the war Japan, Italy, and Germany were all dissatisfied
Post World War I international arrangements
All three felt disrespected
All three sought empires
All three felt Britain & the US stood in their way

4. Japanese aggression in Asia
In 1931 Japan seized control of Manchuria
Establish puppet state -- Manchukuo
The invasion infuriated Western powers
Japan withdraw from the League of Nations
Japan broke politically with its Western allies
Japan aligns with Germany & Italy

5. World War II Begins in Asia, 1937
Japan launched full-scale attack into China
Japan felt isolated and threatened by West
Japan sees West as racist, anti-Japanese
Japan not being treated equally by the West
International agreements – Naval treaties
US Immigration policies
Japan dependent on foreign imports
US scrap iron, machine tools, oil, and copper
Resources in Southeast Asia controlled by West

6. War expands into Southeast Asia
1940 and 1941 invades Western colonies
French, British, Dutch, and American
Malaya, Burma, Indonesia, Indochina,
the Philippines
Present themselves as “modernizers”
Present themselves as “liberators”
“Asia for Asians”
Japan really interested in natural resources
Brutal occupiers

7. Japan attacks the United States
On December 7, 1941
US Naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
United States enters war in the Pacific
War ends with the use of atomic bombs
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
August of 1945

8. Germany in the 1930’s Germany held deep resentments after World War I
Harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Hitler and the Nazi’s took advantage of resentments
Promised to make Germany great again
and punish Germany’s enemies

9. German aggression 1930’s World War I -- accidental and unintended
World War II – deliberate, planned, desired
By Hitler and other the German leaders
Nazis celebrated war and the warrior
An idea at the core of Nazi ideology
Mid-1930s Hitler began his preparing for war
Rebuilds German military
German forces entered the Rhineland
Annexes Austria & part Czechoslovakia

10. War Begins -- 1 September 1939
German forces invaded Poland.
Britain and France declare war on the Axis powers
Germany quickly defeats France
Germany launches an air war against Britain
Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
By early 1942, Nazi’s control most of Europe

11. World War I vs. World War II
World War I -- greeted with mass enthusiasm
World War II -- dreaded by all but the fascists
World War I -- trench warfare
World War II -- rapid movement
infantry, tanks, and air power
blitzkrieg -- lightening war

12. Germany had success early in the war
The took control of most of Europe
Outskirts of Moscow and Stalingrad
Conquered most of North Africa
With the help of their Italian allies

13. Allied counter offensives
Soviet Union counterattacks
United States enters war
The US had enormous resources
material and human
June 6, 1944 – D Day
US, British and Canadian forces
invade France
8 May 1945 Germany surrendered

14. World War II – Most destructive War
Most destructive war in world history
An estimated 60 million died
Most were civilians
New technologies of warfare made it so deadly
Heavy bombers and jet fighters
Missiles and atomic weapons
Blurred the line between civilian and military
Whole populations were defined as the enemy

15. The Soviet Union Soviet Union – 40% of the total deaths
Approximately 25 million were killed
Approximately 25 million left homeless
Vast amount of property destroyed
Thousands of towns and villages
Thousands of industrial enterprises

16. China Approximately 15 million people died Massive number of refugees
Japanese occupation was horrific
Killing of every person in many villages
along with all the animals
The Rape of Nanjing in 1937–1938
200,000 to 300,000 civilians killed
Countless women were raped

17. mobilization “Total war” Governments mobilized everything
economies, people, propaganda
Empires harnessed colonial resources
British used colonial troops and laborers
Japan forced women to become sex slaves
Women from Korea, China, and elsewhere
So-called "comfort women"

18. Women Women played a major role in the war
Soviet Union women were essential to the war effort
More than half of the industrial workforce
Dominated agricultural production.
Fought in combat
100,000 women won military honors
Germany and Japan mobilized fewer women
“Rosie the Riveter”
the symbol of working women

19. The Holocaust Germans systematic mass murder of Jews
Hitler’s “final solution”
Approximately 6 million Jews were killed
Most in concentration camps
Nazis executed other “undesirables”
Russians, Poles, Gypsies (Roma)
The handicapped, homosexuals
Communists, Jehovah’s Witnesses
All killed to achieve “racial purification”

20. The global Political balance of power
World War II altered the balance of political power
Europe lost it’s dominance in world affairs
Europe’s colonies achieved independence
Europe too weak to hold them
US and Soviet Union emerged as two superpowers
The world divided
Capitalist West vs. Communist East

21. A New Internationalism
Leaders establish international institutions
Designed to keep the peace
Designed to provide economic stability
The United Nations
The World Bank
The International Monetary Fund

22. Europe Rebuilds During the second half of the 20th century
Europe rebuilds its economy
Europe revives its political system
Explaining Europe's recovery:
❶ The resiliency of an industrial society
❷ Europeans cooperate with one another
❸ Help from the United States

23. postwar America The center of gravity in Western civilization shifted
relocated across the Atlantic Ocean to the USA
The United States physically untouched by the war
1945 – An economic superpower
US produced 50% of the world’s goods
US controlled most of the worlds food surpluses
US had large financial reserves
US had access to key raw materials – notably oil

24. US Becomes a Military superpower
US military strength was unmatched
most powerful navy and air force in the world
sole possessor of atomic weapons
World War II ends American isolationism
United States exercised global leadership
Helps to rebuild western Europe and Japan
Provides allies with political and military security