1. World War I
AP US History
Mrs. Lacks

2. Four Major Causes of War?

3. 1. Alliances Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Great Britain France
Russia
Germany
Austria - Hungary
Italy

4. Two Armed Camps Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Italy, Japan, & the US will later join Allies
Ottoman Empire (Turkey) and Bulgaria will later join central powers

5. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
George V [Br]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Franz Josef [A-H]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]

7. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
2. Militarism/Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

8. 3. Imperialism

9. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

10. How did the war start? What was the spark?

12. US Involvement Why did the US take so long to get involved?
America was isolationist (despite its new imperialist tendencies… meaning it was ok to get involved when we benefit)

13. Why did the US take so long to get involved?
For three years, the US stayed neutral in the war
Most Americans did not want to get involved…
Not our fight
Far away
Expensive
Traded with both sides
Divided loyalties

14. Which side should the US support?
Central Powers:
11 million German-Americans
Irish-Americans hated Great Britain
Allied Powers:
Close cultural ties
Shared transatlantic cables (so censored stories)
Big business loaned much $ to allies

15. How did the US get involved?
There are three major reasons the US got involved in WWI
Blockades/Lusitania sinking
Zimmerman Telegram
More blockades/more ships sunk

18. Election of 1916
President Wilson won the Election of 1916 using the slogan, “He kept us out of war!”
He secretly knew that we were getting closer to joining

19. “THE WORLD MUST BE MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY
“THE WORLD MUST BE MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY. ITS PEACE MUST BE PLANTED UPON THE TESTED FOUNDATIONS OF POLITICAL LIBERTY. WE HAVE NO SELFISH ENDS TO SERVE. WE DESIRE NO CONQUEST, NO DOMINION. WE SEEK NO INDEMNITIES FOR OURSELVES, NO MATERIAL COMPENSATION FOR THE SACRIFICES WE SHALL FREELY MAKE.”

20. April 6, 1917

22. On the Homefront
War Mobilization
Enlistment

23. Most Famous
Recruitment Poster

24. Uncle Sam -
He’s the Man!

25. Don’t Mess
with the US

26. Huns Kill
Women and Children

27. The “Little Soldier”

28. World War I American Anthem

29. “Over There”
Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Take it on the run, on the run, on the run, Hear them calling you and me, Every son of liberty. Hurry right away, no delay, go today, Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad, Tell your sweetheart not to pine, To be proud her boy's in line.

30. “Over There”
Over there, over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayer Send the word, send the word to beware We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there!

31. “Over There”
Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun, Johnnie show the Hun you're a son of a gun, Hoist the flag and let her fly, Yankee Doodle do or die. Pack your little kit, show your grit, do your bit, Yankees to the ranks from the towns and the tanks, Make your momma proud of you And the old Red White and Blue.

32. “Over There”
Over there, over there Send the word, send the word over there That the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, The drums rum-tumming everywhere So prepare, say a prayer Send the word, send the word to beware
We'll be over, we're coming over, And we won't come back till it's over, over there!

33. Enlist!

34. Selective Service Act (1917)
24,000,000 men registered for the draft by the end of 1918.
4,800,000 men served in WW1(2,000,000 saw active combat).
400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units.
15,000 Native-Americans served as scouts, messengers, and snipers in non-segregated units.

37. "ALL A SOLDIER NEEDS TO KNOW IS HOW TO SHOOT AND SALUTE."
On the Homefront
Commander of American Forces: General John J. Pershing
American soldiers were called “doughboys”
"ALL A SOLDIER NEEDS TO KNOW IS HOW TO SHOOT AND SALUTE."

38. Expansion of the Federal Government
Council of National Defense
War Industries Board – Bernard Baruch
Food Administration – Herbert Hoover
Railroad Administration – William McAdoo
National War Labor Board – W. H.Taft & Frank P. Walsh

39. US Food
Administration

40. US Food
Administration

41. US Food
Administration

43. National War
Garden Commission

44. US School
Garden Army

45. US Shipping
Board

46. US Fuel
Administration

47. US Fuel
Administration

48. Results of War Expansion
Unemployment virtually disappeared.
Expansion of “big government.”
Excessive govt. regulations in eco.
Some gross mismanagement  overlapping jurisdictions.
Close cooperation between public and private sectors.
Unprecedented opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

49. New Social /Economic Opportunities
Women
African Americans
New Immigrants

50. Women

51. Women

52. Women

53. Women

54. Women
Even Grandma buys war bonds!

55. Women
The Red Cross –
the greatest mother in the world

56. Women
National League for Woman’s Service

57. Opportunities for African Americans
“Great Migration”1916 – 1919  70,000
War industries work.
Enlistment in segregated units.

58. Sons of
Freedom

59. Sons of
Freedom

60. Sons of
Freedom
Headed for France

61. Recruitment during Chicago Race Riots, 1919

62. New Immigrants
The Flag of Liberty
represents us all!

63. New Immigrants
We’re all Americans!

64. New Immigrants
United War Work Campaign

65. New Immigrants
American Committee for Relief in the Near East

66. Wartime Propaganda The Committee of Public Information (George Creel)
America’s “Propaganda Minister?”
Anti-Germanism.
Selling American Culture.

72. Armistice Day: Nov 11, 1918

73. Wilson Travels to promote..

74. Woodrow Wilson
During his speaking tour, Wilson suffered a stroke and nearly died
For his last 18 month, his second wife, Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, ran the White House
Wilson’s 1st wife, Ellen, died of Bright’s disease on Apr 6, 1914

75. But the US will not… 1. Join the L of N
2. Sign the Treaty of Versailles

76. League of Nations

77. Effects of War in US US becomes superpower US economy booms
Birth of anti-war movement
Birth of anti-Americanism within country
US culture spreads abroad
Birth of black empowerment movement
Women go to work in huge numbers
Birth of anti-communism

78. Attacks on Civil Liberties
1. Espionage Act – 1917
forbade actions that obstructed recruitment or efforts to promote insubordination in the military.
ordered the Postmaster General to remove Leftist materials from the mail.
fines of up to $10,000 and/or up to 20 years in prison.

79. Attacks on Civil Liberties
2. Sedition Act – 1918
it was a crime to speak against the purchase of war bonds or willfully utter, print, write or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about this form of US Govt., the US Constitution, or the US armed forces or to willfully urge, incite, or advocate any curtailment of production of things necessary or essential to the prosecution of the war…with intent of such curtailment to cripple or hinder, the US in the prosecution of the war.

80. Attacks on Civil Liberties
3. Schenck v. US – 1919
in ordinary times the mailing of the leaflets would have been protected by the1st Amendment.
BUT, every act of speech must be judged acc. to the circumstances in which it was spoken.
The most stringent protection of free speech would not protect a man in falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing a panic. [Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes]
If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.

81. Attacks on Civil Liberties
4. Abrams v. US – 1919
majority ruling --> cited Holmes’ “Clear and present danger” doctrine.
Holmes & Brandeis dissented:
The best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, denying that a “silly leaflet” published by an “unknown man” constituted such a danger.

82. Attacks on Civil Liberties
5. Post-war labor unrest:
Coal Miners Strike of 1919.
Steel Strike of 1919.
Boston Police Strike of 1919.

83. Anti-Labor

84. Consequences
of Labor Unions

85. Coal Miners Strike
1919

86. Boston Police
Strike of 1919

87. Attacks on Civil Liberties
6. The Red Scare
1919 – Comintern founded, Moscow (3rd International)
Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer (The Case Against the Reds)
Palmer Raids

88. Red Scare
Police Arrest “suspect Reds” in Chicago

89. Red Scare
Palmer’s home, bombed (1920)

90. Election of 1920