1. The Great War The War to End All Wars
World War I Chapter 10
The Great War
The War to End All Wars

2. Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism
Naval arms race between Britain and Germany
Glorification of the military
Alliances
Triple Entente = Allies
Russia, France, Great Britain
Triple Alliance = Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Imperialism
Nationalism
The European kind – by ethnicity
The Balkans
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

6. “The Most Terrible and Disastrous of All Wars”
Trench Warfare
No Man’s Land
Over the Top
Horrible living conditions
Life in a Trench
New, Modern, Efficient Weapons
New technology + old tactics = deadlock and horrifying casualty numbers
Western Front
Stalemate due to trench warfare
Neither side could advance

11. Causes of US Entry into WWI
Wilson wanted to stay neutral- didn’t work
Britain blockaded Germany to keep goods from reaching the other country
Germany began using u-boats to blockade Britain- sunk ships carrying war supplies
The Lusitania
Germany sunk the American passenger ship
Most important reason US entered WWI

12. Causes of US Entry into WWI
The Zimmermann Note
German foreign minister sent a note to Mexico
If the US declared war on Germany, Mexico should declare war on US
Mexico would get back the land they lost in the Mexican-American War
The Sussex Pledge
Germany promised not to sink any more passenger liners
Didn’t keep promise

16. America Mobilizes War Industries Board Selective Service Act
Draft of young men for military service in Europe
Conscientious objectors- people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars
Government determined what crops were grown, what products were produced, how supplies moved
Everything needed to go to the war effort
Committee on Public Information
Educate public about the causes and nature of the war
War Industries Board
Determined what products were made, where they went and how much they cost

17. War changes society Espionage and Sedition Acts
Ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed materials by mail
Some felt it violated the 1st amendment
The court ruled there are times when freedom of speech does not apply (Schenck v. US)
Women filled jobs that men left to go fight
Factory workers, trolley conductors, farmers, nurses
Great Migration
African Americans move from South to North
Racial tension increased in North

18. Allies Struggle Communists led by Vladimir Lenin
Gained control of Russia
1918- War ended between Russia and Germany
Germany sent more troops to the western front and the Allies began to struggle
General John J Pershing led American forces to France

19. Western Front

20. Wilson Promotes Peace Without Victory
Nov. 11, Germany surrenders
Wilson felt the terms of peace should not punish the defeated nations
Outlined America’s war goals
Fourteen Points
Promote openness, encourage independence, support freedom
Self-determination- right of people to choose their own government
League of nations secure political independence and territorial integrity

21. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany
Loses territory in Europe (Alsace-Lorraine)
Must pay reparations to the Allies
Must allow France the use of the Saar region
Loses all overseas colonies
Limitations on arms
Austria-Hungary
Dissolved into Austria, Hungary, and various other new states
Ottoman Empire
Broken into Turkey and several “mandates” managed by France or Britain
League of Nations- promote peaceful cooperation between countries

22. The Battle Over the Treaty
Article 10- US could go into war without the consent of congress
Reservationists – led by Henry Cabot Lodge (Rep. senator) and opposed the treaty
Irreconcilables- wanted changes to the treaty
Wilson’s appeal to the people- vote against it
Outcome- treaty defeated

23. The Demobilization Blues
Unemployment and economic downturn
Increase in strikes
Seattle General Strike
Steel Strike
Boston Police Strike
Race riots
Flu epidemic
The Red Scare- anticommunist hysteria
Palmer raids-arrest thousands thought to be radicals
Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
2 Italian immigrants and known anarchists
Charged with murdering 2 men at a shoe factory
Little evidence of their guilt

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