1. Sedimentary Rocks
Uluru, Australia

2. Grand Canyon, Arizona

3. White Cliffs of Dover, England

4. Pyramids of Giza in Eqypt

5. JMU Bluestone

6. Sedimentary Rock Examples
Shale made from small sediments, clay and silt
Conglomerate made from large sediments, pebbles
Sandstone made from medium sediment, sand

7. Sedimentary Rock Examples
Limestone found in Harrisonburg, used for buildings, contains calcite, dissolves in acid =caves
Bituminous Coal, fossil fuel burned for energy, organic

8. Sedimentary Rock Composition
Sediments (anything that settles out of water)
Fragments of other rocks
Plant and animal remains
Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left behind to form rocks.)
Grand Canyon, Arizona

9. Sedimentary Rock Formation
1) Clastic Rock
Formed from fragments of other rock
Compacted (pressed together) and cemented (“glued”) together over time
Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic sedimentary rocks
Categorized by grain size
Clay (Smallest Grain Size)
Silt
Sand
Gravel
Pebble (Largest Grain Size)

10. Shale  Sandstone Examples of Clastic Rocks: Conglomerate 
Sedimentary Rocks
Examples of Clastic Rocks:
Shale 
Sandstone
Conglomerate 

11. Sedimentary Rock Formation
2) Chemical Rock
precipitate out of solution
Limestone
Rock salt
Rock gypsum
3) Organic Rock
Plant & animal remains
Chalk
Coal

12. Sedimentary Rock Features
1) Stratification
Layers of different sediment
Most common Sedimentary rock feature
Youngest layer is at the top
Oldest layer is on the bottom

13. Sedimentary Rock Features
2) Fossils
Evidence of living things
Organisms get buried in the layers of sediment
3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement

14. Fossils

15. Aquatic (water) organisms are the most common type of fossil

16. Sedimentary Rock Features
3) Ripple marks
Water or wind action in sand preserved in sandstone
Can be seen on the surface of a bedding plane

17. Ripple Marks in Sandstone

18. Sedimentary Rock Features
4) Mud cracks
Form as mud dries and gets preserved as a rock
Mud Cracks

19. 5) Geode
Spheres of silica rock crystals contained within limestone rock.

20. SEDIMENTARY ROCK CLASTIC Rock fragments
Compacted and cemented together
Grain size
Silt
Clay
Sand
Gravel

21. SEDIMENTARY ROCK CHEMICAL Minerals precipitate out of solution
Examples:
Limestone
Rock salt
Rock gypsum

22. SEDIMENTARY ROCK ORGANIC Plant and animal remains Examples include:
Bituminous coal
Limestone
Chalk

23. SEDIMENTARY ROCK SEDIMENTARY FEATURES: Stratification (layers) Fossils
Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Geodes

24. Sedimentary Rock Lab Set up your field notebook (Include TITLE)
Rotate independently between the 16 stations set up around the room
Start with whichever station number you are located
Round 1: You will have 1 minute at each station
Do not switch to the next station until told to do so
Round 2: You may go back to any unoccupied station, if needed

25. Stratification

26. Stratification
Sedimentary Rocks