1. Referencing at Aberfoyle Park High School
How to Harvard Reference

2. What is referencing?
Referencing, or citing, means acknowledging all sources of information and ideas you have used in your assignment.

3. Referencing Rules
There are two main rules of referencing.
Rule Number 1
A reference must be included every time you use someone else’s ideas or information.

4. Each reference must appear in two places:
Rule Number 2
Each reference must appear in two places:
In the text
and
In the reference list

5. The In-text Reference
This is placed either before or after the quote or idea you are using. It consists of:
the author’s or editor’s family name or the organisation responsible.
the year of publication
page numbers

6. In-text Reference Examples
Paraphrasing an idea
Many factors are known to affect the successful outcomes for students at secondary school (Johnston, 2003, p. 37). OR
Johnston (2003, p. 37) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at secondary school.

7. In-text Reference Examples
A direct quote
McLaine (2002, p. 16) stated that ‘productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’. OR
‘Productivity among 69 percent of workers was found to be affected by work related stress’ (McLaine, 2002, p. 16) .

8. The Reference list The Reference list:
is arranged alphabetically by author’s family name
is a single list — books, journal articles and electronic sources are listed together
includes the full details of your in-text references (author, date, title, publishing details)
the name of the book/magazine is placed in italics and other information is separated by commas

9. Reference List Examples
Journal/magazine
Author’s family name followed by a comma, then the initial, comma then date.
Title of the article in single quotation marks, followed by a comma. Upper case is used for the first word
Name of the magazine/journal in italics. Use an upper case letter at the start of each main word.
O'Hara, MJ 2000, ‘Food preparation in the 21st century’, Journal of Food Science, vol. 41, no. 11,
pp. 145–151.
Volume and number
Use p. if the information comes from a single page. Use pp. if information comes from a range of pages.

10. Referencing a Book:
Author Surname, Author’s first Initial. (Year Published). Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
e.g. O’Donoghue, T. (2010). Leading learning: Process, themes and issues in international contexts. London: Routledge.

11. Referencing a Website:
Author Surname, Author’s first initial. (Year modified). Title of the webpage. Retrieved from: copy and paste URL
e.g. Australian Psychological Society. (2008). Substance abuse: Position statement. Retrieved from: stance

12. Referencing a Newspaper:
Author Surname, Author’s first Initial. (Year Published, Month day). Title of the article. Title of the Newspaper, p. page number
e.g Hatch, B. (2006, July 13). Smoke lingers for those who keep hospitality flowing. Australian Financial Review, p. 14

13. Referencing a Film:
Director’s Last Name, First initial. (Personnel Type). (Year of Release). Film Title [Type of Film]. Country of Origin: Distributor.
e.g. Luhrmann, B. (Director). (1996). Romeo + Juliet [motion picture]. Australia: 20th Century Fox

14. Referencing a YouTube video:
Author Surname, Author first initial. (Author screen name) OR Author Screen Name, (Date uploaded year, month, day). Title of the Video. [Video File]. Retrieved from: copy and paste URL
e.g. Jackson, P. (PsycINFO). (2013, March 5). Beginners guide to replacing broken S4 screens. [Video File]. Retrieved from

15. Answers to FAQ:
If you are quoting directly from a written source, add a page number after the publisher (e.g. p. 156). If there is more than one page you turn the p. into a pp. (e.g. pp )
If there is more than one author, you need to include all of their names in alphabetical order (e.g. Darling, D., McAllister, B. & Suter, J.)
If you are handwriting your reference, you may underline the title, rather than writing in italics
Website authors may be a corporation (ie The Australian War Memorial rather than a specific person)
If there is no date that the website was created/modified, substitute the date with (n.d.)