1. Figure 3 Neutrophils in liver inflammation
Figure 3 | Neutrophils in liver inflammation. Neutrophils respond to primary liver injury as well as TLR-mediated signalling and are subsequently recruited via chemokines (e.g. IL-8 in human, CXCL1 in mice) and LFA-1–ICAM-1 into the tissue. Their activation can lead to secretion of oxidative stress response mediators (ROS, MPO), which can further aggravate hepatocellular damage. During bacterial infections, neutrophils release DNA to form NETs, which have shown to be involved in antimicrobial defence. ALD, alcoholic liver disease; CLD, chronic liver disease; DC, dendritic cell; HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1; LFA, lymphocyte function associated antigen; LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NET, neutrophil extracellular traps; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TLR, Toll-like receptor.
Heymann, F. & Tacke, F. (2016) Immunology in the liver — from homeostasis to disease
Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. doi: /nrgastro