1. The Cardiovascular System11
The Cardiovascular System

2. The Cardiovascular System
Introduction:
*2 Organs & 1Tissues of the Cardiovascular System: what are they?
*Organs =
*Tissue =
Anterior View

3. Anterior View Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian artery
Right pulmonary artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ascending aorta
Left pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary
veins
Left atrium
Auricle of left atrium
Right atrium
Circumflex artery
Right coronary artery
in coronary sulcus (right
atrioventricular groove)
Left coronary artery in
coronary sulcus (left
atrioventricular groove)
Anterior cardiac vein
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Great cardiac vein
Marginal artery
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Apex
(a)
Anterior View
Figure 11.3a

4. I. The Heart A. Introduction *Location: Basic Structure: Chambers
2nd Rib
A. Introduction
*Location:
Basic Structure:
Chambers
*Base
*Apex
Size =
*Main Tissue Type:
3. *Basic Function:
Sternum
Diaphragm
7th Rib
Diaphragm
Anterior View
Base
Diaphragm
Apex

5. Midsternal line 2nd rib Sternum Diaphragm (a)
Point of
maximal
intensity
(PMI)
(a)
Anterior View
Figure 11.1a

6. Anterior View Superior vena cava Aorta Parietal pleura (cut) Pulmonary
trunk
Left lung
Pericardium
(cut)
Apex of
heart
Diaphragm
Anterior View
(c)
Figure 11.1c

7. B. Anatomy Heart Coverings = Pericardium
= a double-walled sac; made of “a” and “b” below
a. Fibrous pericardium: describe
b. Serous membrane:
Visceral pericardium
= epicardium of heart which
is part of the Pericardium and
the Heart Wall
Parietal pericardium
c. *Serous fluid:
Fibrous Pericardium
Parietal Pericardium
Visceral P.

8. Mediastinum Heart Left lung Posterior (b)
Superior View of a Transverse Section
Figure 11.1b

9. 2. The Heart: Heart Wall give location and tissue for all the below
a. *Epicardium
Tissue
b. *Myocardium
c. *Endocardium
(Endothelium)
Pericardium
Pulmonary
trunk
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Myocardium
Epicardium
(visceral layer
of serous
pericardium)
Heart
Wall
Myocardium
Endocardium
Heart chamber

10. i) *Structure: size, amount of muscle? ii) Receive blood from:
3. Chambers– 4
a. Atria
i) *Structure: size, amount of muscle?
ii) Receive blood from:
Right A.
Left A.
b. Ventricles
i) *Structure size, amount of muscle?
ii) Pump blood to:
Right V.
Left V. RA LA LV RV
Anterior View of frontal section

11. Anterior View showing a transverse section
Left
ventricle
Right
ventricle
Anterior View showing a transverse section
Muscular
interventricular
septum
Figure 11.5

12. 4. The Heart: Septa
- Mostly made up cardiac muscle
a. Interventricular septum
*Separates:
b. Interatrial septum
Anterior View

13. 5. The Heart’s Role in Blood Circulation
Rule about Arteries and Veins
Veins
Arteries
b) General Path of Blood into Arteries and from Veins
Into heart via Veins  _______________
Atria  _______________ of same side
Ventricle  ________________
Anterior View

14. The Heart’s Role in Blood Circulation …
c) Two Circulations
i) Systemic circulation:
From left side of the heart: to
ii) Pulmonary circulation:
From right side of the heart to:
iii) Blood in both circulations: move in synchrony as they are connected are via the heart chambers
d) Like 2 separate pumps
*Right Side of Heart pumps blood to where?
*Left Side of Heart pumps blood to where?

15. Figure 11.4 Capillary beds of lungs where gas exchange occurs
Pulmonary Circuit
Pulmonary
arteries
Pulmonary
veins
Venae
cavae
Aorta and
branches
Left
atrium
Left
ventricle
Right
atrium
Heart
Right
ventricle
Systemic Circuit
Capillary
beds of all
body tissues
where gas
exchange
occurs
KEY:
Oxygen-rich,
CO2-poor blood
Oxygen-poor,
CO2-rich blood
Figure 11.4

16. - Two types of valves– total of 4 valves Atrioventricular (AV) valves
6. The Heart: Valves
- *Function:
- Two types of valves– total of 4 valves
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
- *Are between ?
i) *Cusps
ii) *Chordae Tendineae
function
iii) Specific Valves:
Bicuspid (mitral)
Tricuspid
(right)
Bicuspid
Tricuspid
Anterior View

17. b) Semilunar valves -. Are between
b) Semilunar valves - *Are between ? i) Pulmonary semilunar ii) Aortic semilunar
Aortic S
Pulmonary S
Anterior View

18. Superior vena cava
Aorta
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary
veins
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Left atrioventricular valve
(bicuspid valve)
Fossa ovalis
Aortic semilunar valve
Right atrioventricular
valve (tricuspid valve)
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Interventricular septum
Inferior vena cava
Myocardium
Visceral pericardium
(b) Anterior View showing Frontal section showing interior chambers and valves.
Figure 11.3b

19. c) When valves are open and closed:
Heart Valves …
c) When valves are open and closed:
i) Heart is filling with blood when:
AV valves:
Semilunar valves:
ii) Heart Pumping = Ventricles contract:
iii) Valves operate opposite of one another
Anterior View

20. 7. Blood Vessels Attached To Heart
Pulmonary Trunk
a) Arteries
i) *Aorta
*Blood enters Aorta from:
*Takes blood to:
ii) Pulmonary Trunk and Pulmonary Arteries (2)
*Blood enters P Trunk from:
Pulmonary Trunk  L and R Pulmonary A.
*Pulmonary Arteries take blood to:
Aorta

21. Associated Great Vessels …
b) Veins
i) Superior Vena Cava
Blood returns from:
and goes to:
ii) Inferior Venae Cava
And goes to:
iii) Pulmonary veins (4)

22. Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery
Superior vena cava
Left subclavian artery
Right pulmonary artery
Aortic arch
Ligamentum arteriosum
Ascending aorta
Left pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Right pulmonary
veins
Left atrium
Auricle of left atrium
Right atrium
Circumflex artery
Right coronary artery
in coronary sulcus (right
atrioventricular groove)
Left coronary artery in
coronary sulcus (left
atrioventricular groove)
Anterior cardiac vein
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Great cardiac vein
Marginal artery
Anterior interventricular
artery (in anterior
interventricular sulcus)
Small cardiac vein
Inferior vena cava
Apex
(a)
Figure 11.3a

23. 8. Blood Vessels that serve the Cardiac Muscle a. Arteries
i) *Coronary arteries:
*Branch from:
*Oxygen content:
b. Veins
i) Cardiac veins:
Empty blood to:
Oxygen content:
ii) Coronary sinus:
Coronary Sinus empties blood to:

24. 8. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Superior & Inferior Vena Cava  RA
RA  tricuspid valve  RV
RV  pulmonary semilunar valve  Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Trunk  Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries  Lungs
AORTA
LPA
RPA SV PV LA RA RV LV IV

25. Lungs  Pulmonary veins  LA
AORTA
Lungs  Pulmonary veins  LA
LA  Bicuspid Valve  LV
LV  Aortic Semilunar Valve  Aorta
Aorta  body cells SV PA
LPV LA
RPV RA LV RV IV

26. Figure 11.4 Capillary beds of lungs where gas exchange occurs
Pulmonary Circuit
Pulmonary
arteries
Pulmonary
veins
Venae
cavae
Aorta and
branches
Left
atrium
Left
ventricle
Right
atrium
Heart
Right
ventricle
Systemic Circuit
Capillary
beds of all
body tissues
where gas
exchange
occurs
KEY:
Oxygen-rich,
CO2-poor blood
Oxygen-poor,
CO2-rich blood
Figure 11.4