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Phase 1 CVR wrap up ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY OF THE HEART Nneoma Uzo The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…
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EMBRYOLOGY The peer teaching society is not liable for false or misleading information
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Aortic Arch development
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FETAL CIRCULATION
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Fetal post-natal derivatives
Allantois --> Urachus Median unbilical ligament Ductus arteriosus Ligamentum arteriosum Ductus venosum Ligamentum venosum Foramen ovale Fossa ovalis Notochord Nucleus pulposus Umbilical arteries Medial umbilical ligament Umbilical vein Ligamentum teres hepatis
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ANATOMY
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THE HEART
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The Pericardium Consists of three layers (outer to inner):
Fibrous Pericardium Parietal layer of serous pericardium Visceral layer of serous pericardium NOTE: The pericardial cavity lies between parietal and visceral layers.
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Pericardial Sinuses Oblique pericardial sinus: posterior surface of the heart Transverse pericardial sinus: found superiorly on the heart.
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Heart Surfaces Anterior (or sternocostal): Right ventricle
Posterior (or base): Left atrium Inferior (or diaphragmatic): Left and right ventricles Right pulmonary: Right atrium Left pulmonary: Left ventricle
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Heart Borders Right border: Right atrium
Left border: Left ventricle (and some of the left atrium) Inferior border: Left ventricle and right ventricle Superior border: Right and left atrium and the great vessels
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Chambers of the Heart Right Atrium: - Crista terminalis - Fossa ovalis
The SAN Musculi Pectinati Tricuspid valve - Coronary Sinus: opens into right atrium between IVC and right atrioventricular orifice
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Chambers of the Heart Left Atrium Smooth interior
Trabeculated auricular appendage Mitral valve: 2 cusps NOTE: Fossa ovalis is not visible on this side
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Chambers of the Heart Right ventricle Trabeculae carnae
Chordae Tendineae Papillary muscle Pulmonary valves (outflow of blood)
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Chambers of the Heart Left ventricle Trabeculae carneae
2 Papillary muscles attached to the cusps of the mitral valve
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The Valves Atrioventricular valves - Tricuspid (right) - Mitral (left)
Semilunar valves - Aortic - Pulmonary NOTE: Valves prevent the backflow of blood.
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Great vessels of the heart
Aorta: Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery (T12) Pulmonary arteries: left and right pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins: 4 pulmonary veins Superior Vena Cava: formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins Inferior Vena Cava: initially formed by the common iliac veins (T8)
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CORONARY ARTERY ANATOMY
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The right coronary artery (RCA): Posterior Descending artery, right (acute) marginal artery
The Left main coronary artery (LCA): Left circumflex coronary artery, left anterior descending artery, left (obtuse) marginal artery
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NOTE: SA and AV nodes are usually supplied by RCA
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REMEMBER… Right-dominant circulation (90%) = PDA arises from RCA
Left-dominant circulation (30%) = PDA arises from LCX Codominant circulation (20%) = PDA arises from both LCX and RCA
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QUESTIONS? The Peer Teaching Society is not liable for false or misleading information…
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