1. The Two Plans

2. Proposed by Edmund Randolph / James Madison
“The Virginia Plan”
Proposed by Edmund Randolph / James Madison

3. “The Virginia Plan”
Created a “3 branch” government (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial)
Created a “bicameral” (two house) government.

4. “The Virginia Plan” All based on POPULATION!
Opposed by smaller states who would lose power due to their populations.

5. “The Virginia Plan”
Supported by Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, & New York.

6. “The Virginia Plan”

7. Proposed by William Paterson
“The New Jersey Plan”
Proposed by William Paterson

8. “The New Jersey Plan”
Created a “3 branch” government (Legislative, Executive, & Judicial)
Created a “unicameral” (one house) government.

9. “The New Jersey Plan” Each state had ONE vote!
Opposed by larger states who would only have as much power as smaller states despite having larger populations!

10. “The New Jersey Plan”
Supported by New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland.

11. The “Great Compromise”

12. The “Great Compromise”
Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut.
Also called the “Connecticut Compromise”.

13. The “Great Compromise”
A “compromise” is a way of resolving disagreements in which each side gives up something but gains something else.

14. The “Great Compromise”
Created the “Senate”
Each state had two (2) votes, both equal.
Pleased the smaller states (put them on equal footing with larger states in this house).
Created the “House of Representatives”.
Each state’s voting status was based on population.
Pleased the larger states (gave them more power in this house).

15. Question of Counting Slaves?

16. Question of Counting Slaves?
Southern states wanted to count their slave populations (nearly 550,000)
They wanted to increase their power in the House, not for tax purposes.

17. Question of Counting Slaves?
Northern states opposed this idea.
They argued that if the slave could not vote, they should not be counted towards the population in the House.

18. The “3/5th’s Compromise”
The “3/5th Compromise” settled the issue.
Each slave would count as “3/5” of a person for representation AND taxation purposes.

19. Other Compromises

20. “Slave Trade Compromise”
Northern states wanted the U.S. Government to regulate trade between both states AND foreign nations.
Southern states feared this would impact their exports of rice, cotton, & tobacco.

21. “Slave Trade Compromise”
Southern states also feared the U.S. Government would stop slave traders from delivering slaves to southern plantations.

22. “Slave Trade Compromise”
Southern states agreed that Congress shall regulate trade among states and nations.
Northern states agreed that Congress would not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade.

23. “Electoral College”

24. “Electoral College”
Some delegates wanted Congress to choose the president.
Others wanted the people to vote to decide.
They decided on the “Electoral College”.

25. “Electoral College”
The “Electoral College” is a group of people who would be named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president – called “electors”
Still used today, but voters choose the electors now.

26. Ratifying the “U.S. Constitution”

27. Ratifying the “U.S. Constitution”
On September 17, 1787; the delegates met for the last time.
Each delegate decided that all 13 states would set up “ratifying conventions”.
If 9 out of the 13 states agreed, the Constitution would become the “supreme law of the land”.

28. “Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists”

29. “Federalists” “Federalists” were supporters of the Constitution.
Believed in “federalism”, or a form of government in which power is divided among the federal and state governments.

30. “Federalists”
In essays entitled “The Federalist”, they argued that the U.S. could not survive without a strong federal government.
Led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, & John Jay

31. “Anti-Federalists” “Anti-Federalists” opposed the Constitution.
Believed that it gave the federal (or national) government too much power.

32. “Anti-Federalists”
“Anti-Federalists Papers” Demanded that the new Constitution protect the basic individual rights of the people – they wanted a “bill of rights” added.
Led by Patrick Henry

33. “Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists”
After the “Federalists” promised to include a “bill of rights”, the “Anti-Federalists” lessened their opposition.
Ratification of the Constitution began.

34. “The U.S. Constitution”

35. “The U.S. Constitution”
On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire becomes the 9th state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Island is the 13th.
We are now the “United States of America”