1. 10-10-17 Types of Scientific Investigations

2. Do Now Read the provided article on the “5-second rule”
Write a short paragraph that explains the central idea of the article. Use at least two details from the article to support your response.
Identify the following in Jillian Clarke’s experiment
Independent variable
Floor surface
Dependent variable
Amount of bacteria on gummy bears
Constant
Time spent on floor

3. Vocab Quiz Review Constants Score Percentages Control group
Dependent variable
5.5/6 = 91.7% “A”
Experimental group
5/6 = 83% “B”
Independent variable
4/6 = 66.7% “D”
Repeated trials
3/6 = 50% “F”
2/6 = 33.3% “F”
1/6 = 16.7% “F”

4. Required Additional Practice for Retake
Write down vocab terms and definitions
Complete crossword puzzle

5. HW Review: Trade & Grade
Use only red ink
Only mark it if it is incorrect
Write in the correct answer

6. HW Review
Ball temperature
Ball bounce height
Same floor
Jerry wants to determine whether a ball’s bounce height is affected by the ball’s temperature. Jerry bounces a ball on a flat concrete surface, dropping it from the same height and using the same force each time. He bounces a ball kept in ice for 5 minutes and records how high the ball bounced. He repeats this 3 times. Jerry repeats the experiment with a ball kept at room temperature for 5 minutes and a ball heated in a kettle for 5 minutes, each time doing 3 trials.
Meterstick
Room temperature ball
Same force
Same starting height
Ice ball
Same time at temperature
Kettle ball 3
IV: What is believed to be causing something to happen?
Control: Which of the levels is considered the most “normal”?
Experimental Group: Which of the levels is the experimenter interested in testing?
DV: What is believed to be effected?
Constants: What are some things that could affect the dependent variable that you would not want?

7. Types of Scientific Investigations
Standard SC.7.N.1.3 – Distinguish between an experiment (which must involve the identification and control of variables) and other forms of scientific investigation and explain that not all scientific knowledge is derived from experimentation.
Lesson Objective: I can identify the different types of scientific investigations.

8. Look at the following 3 investigations. How are they alike
Look at the following 3 investigations. How are they alike? How are they different?
Investigation 1
Investigation 2
Investigation 3
A student used a microscope to observe an amoeba to determine how the organism moved.
A student used a hand lens to examine the color and texture of four different rocks.
A student planted rye grass seeds in potting soil in three plastic cups, placing them on a window sill, and watering one daily, one every third day, and one not at all.

9. 3 Types of Investigations
Scientists use 3 types of investigations to research and develop explanations for events in nature:
Observational Studies
Comparative Studies
Controlled Experiments

10. Observational Studies
An investigation in which scientific questions are investigated and observations of phenomena are recorded and catalogued.
A scientist will observe and measure variables without controlling them in any way
The scientist looks for patterns in their data in order to make inferences.
Purpose: Draw conclusions
Investigation 1 about the amoeba is an example of an observational study.

11. Observational Studies (cont.)
Can include both quantitative and/or qualitative data.
Can be identified with the following key words:
Includes the following parts of scientific inquiry:
Observe
Describe
List
Observations and asking questions
Identify
Procedure
Analyzing data
Drawing conclusions
Does not include hypothesis or predictions

12. Comparative Studies
An investigation where observations are made that compare two objects or phenomena
A scientist will collect data about two or more subjects, identifying ways in which they compare or differ.
This could be collecting data on different organisms/objects/features, or collecting data under different conditions (e.g., times of year, temperatures, locations)
Purpose: to determine relationships
Investigation 2 about the rocks is an example of a comparative study.

13. Comparative studies (cont.)
Involves looking for patterns or trends by comparing similarities and differences over time and under various circumstances
Analyzing data
Drawing conclusions
Does not include a control group
Can be identified with the following key words:
Includes the following parts of scientific inquiry
Compare/contrast
Observations and Asking Questions
Similarity/difference
Hypothesis
Categorize
Prediction
Testing the hypothesis with independent and dependent variables.

14. Controlled Experiments
An organized scientific investigation that includes a control group and is designed to test a hypothesis
A scientist is testing the effect of one factor on another factor by changing only the factor they are testing and keeping everything else the same.
Independent variable: the factor that is being changed
Dependent variable: the factor that is being effected
Purpose: to determine causal relationships
Investigation 3 about the seeds is an example of a controlled experiment.

15. Controlled Experiments (cont.)
Involves determining how a variable affects a control and experimental group.
Testing the hypothesis (independent and dependent variables, control and experimental group)
Analyzing data
Drawing conclusions
Includes the following parts of scientific inquiry:
Can be identified with the following key words:
Observations and Asking Questions
Control and experimental groups
Hypothesis
Constants
Prediction
Testing the effects of…

16. Student Work: Complete the chart below
Investigation Type
Purpose
Includes a Hypothesis?
Has variables (independent and dependent)?
Has a control and experimental group?
Observational
Comparative
Experimental

17. Exit Ticket In your own words, define the following terms.
Independent variable
Dependent variable