1. Integumentary System Integumentary System Body Membranes-
1) Cutaneous (skin) & Mucosa
2) Serosa
3) Synovial

2. Body Membranes-Epithelial- Cutaneous (skin) & Mucosa

3. Epithelial & Connective-
Serosa- parietal and visceral

4. Connective- synovial (joints)

5. Skin

6. Aids in body heat control Excretes urea & uric acid
Skin Function
Protects against: bumps, chemicals, bacteria, sun, temperature and desiccation
Aids in body heat control
Excretes urea & uric acid
Synthesizes vitamin D

7. Structure:
Epidermis- epithelial tissue up to 5 different types of layers

9. Stratum basale- (bottom)
Closest to the dermis
Well fed keratinocytes
Contains melanocytes
Produce melanin that shields against sun damage

10. -Stratum spinosum-2nd (bottom)
-Stratum granulose-3rd
-Stratum lucidum-4th
-Stratum corneum-top layers of thick dead cells, filled with keratin

11. Dermis
Top region = papillary layer with dermal papillae, push up epidermis = fingerprints
Deeper region = reticular layer

13. Dermis contains
blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, pressure receptors, (pacinian), rich nerve supply,
hair follicles

14. Hypodermis:
-subcutaneous, adipose tissue anchors skin

15. Skin color:
Everyone has the same number of melanocytes, but some produce more or less melanin.

16. More melanin= darker skin, less melanin= lighter skin

17. Things that affect skin color:
-Melanin- yellow, red, brown
-Carotene- yellow pigment
-Hemoglobin- redness
-Cyanosis- blue (lack of O2)
-Pallor- pale
-Jaundice- yellow, liver problems
-Bruise- hematoma

18. Glands -All exocrine (ducts)
-Sebaceous- oil, deposit sebum into a duct that opens to a hair follicle or surface
-Acne: Blockage= whitehead ->
blackhead -> pimple

19. Sudoriferous= Sweat glands (2.5 million)
Eccrine- all over, empty at surface, temperature regulation
Apocrine- axillary and genital area, form at adolescence, empty into hair follicles. It can mix with bacteria = smell
Cerumenous- earwax (cerumen)

21. Hair Fastest growing cells living in the matrix, dead cells in shaft.
Surface arrector pili muscle- attaches the hair to dermis
Contracted = skin dimples

23. Nails- living matrix, the rest is the nonliving bed and free edge

24. Burns

25. 1st degree- red, swollen, pain- epidermis damaged

26. 2nd degree- red, pain, blister, epidermis & upper dermis

27. 3rd degree- gray, white, black, no pain, entire skin, and is thick

28. Airway obstruction (face) Scar tissue
Skin Problems:
Infection
Airway obstruction (face)
Scar tissue

29. Rule of Nines:
Calculates the
% burned

30. Neoplasms
Abnormal growths. Most are benign (not cancer)

31. Cancer: Basal Cell Carcinoma
From the stratum basale, can be surgically removed- curable

33. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
From the stratum spinosum- grows rapidly and is curable

35. Malignant Melanoma A- asymmetry B- border irregularity C- color
From melanocytes, can be deadly
A- asymmetry
B- border irregularity
C- color
D- diameter-> 6mm (size of an eraser on a pencil)

37. Other Problems

38. Infections Athlete’s Foot- fungus Boils bacterial infection
Cold Sores- Herpes S Virus
Contact dermatitis- chemical (ex: poison ivy)
Impetigo- staphylococcus

39. -Psoriasis- auto immune -Striae- stretch marks
-Flexure lines- creases over joints
-Blister- epidermis and dermis separate
-Lines of Cleavage- tension lines

40. Developement
Fetus-
5-6 months: downy hair – lanugo

41. Birth Vernix caseosa- cheesy cover lubricates skin
Milia- oil glands-white spots

42. Adolescence-
Oily skin, oily hair
Acne
Axillary hair and sweat

43. Old Age Subcutaneous fat decreases Decreased oil production
Less elastin
Less hair
Less Langerhorn cells (immunity)
Less melanin