1. DERMATOLOGY
MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

2. Seborrhea Normal skin cell turnover – 3 weeks
Time period is shortened in seborrhea
Accelerated (few days) => build up of keratin (dead cells) => flakes
Altered sebaceous gland secretions
Normal secretion of oil in or near hair follicles enriches skin

3. Seborrhea

4. Seborrhea Causes Types Primary: hereditary in some breeds
Secondary: disease/injury to skin from other causes:
Allergies, parasites, nutritional disorders, immune- mediated, endocrine disorders (hypothyroidism)
Types
Seborrhea sicca: dry, only scaliness
Seborrhea oleosa: oily + scales

5. Seborrhea sicca
DRY and SCALY

6. Seborrhea oleosa

7. Seborrhea – Treatment Medicated shampoos
Reduce scaling – sulfur and salicylic acid (keratolytic, keratoplastic), selenium sulphide (keratoplastic, keratolytic, antifungal, degreasing)
Conditioners
If secondary, treat underlying cause
Antifungal and/or antibacterial meds
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements
Anti-inflammatory, anti-pruritic properties

8. Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis
Malassezia species
Normal in small amounts on the skin
Cause infection when skin surface altered/abnormal or immunosuppressed
Diagnosed by cytology (stained slides)
Samples can be obtained via tape prep or impression smear
Tx:
2% miconazole/2% chlorhexidine shampoo
Selenium sulphide
Other Antifungals: ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole
Oral ketoconazole

9. Seborrheic Fungal Dermatitis

10. Atopy (Atopic dermatitis)
Atopy: Allergy to inhaled environmental substances manifested through irritation of skin and ears, usually starting at 1-2 yrs of age
Allergens:
Dust mites
Pollens
Feathers
Molds
Animal and human dander
Tobacco smoke

11. Atopy (Atopic Dermatitis)
Clinical Signs:
Pruritus
Self-trauma to skin +/- secondary bacterial infection
Staining of hair from saliva
Licking/chewing feet
Alopecia, scaling, hyperpigmentation

12. Atopy: Appearance

13. Atopy Diagnosis Accurate history
R/o food allergies, flea allergy dermatitis, sarcoptic mange, & contact dermatitis BEFORE diagnosis of atopy can be made
Intradermal skin testing – most accurate to identify offending allergen

14. Skin Testing
Skin testing is performed to identify the allergens involved in allergic disease. Under profound sedation an area of hair on the chest is shaved and small injections of substances known to be possible allergens made. After minutes the reactions are recorded

15. Atopy Treatment: No cure ID and eliminate cause
ATOPICA – contains cyclosporin A (immunosuppressor), Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic
Treat any bacterial or fungal infections before using immune suppressive drugs
Medication (steroids, Abs) and allergy shots (desensitization)
Omega 3 fatty acids
Antihistamines-more effective if given before symptoms occur

16. Food Allergies 10% of all allergies Usually starts between 2-6 yrs
Processed foods increase likelihood of reaction
Fillers, artificial colors, preservatives

17. Food allergies in dogs

18. Food allergies in cats

19. Food Allergies Dx and Tx
Elimination diets: new source of protein for 3 mo.
If symptoms improve, reintroduce original protein to see if symptoms recur
Use new diet for life
May develop allergies to new diet later

20. Treatment
Foods can be obtained based on venision and potato, fish and potato, egg and rice, duck and pea, and even kangaroo.