1. Developmental Psychology
The Study of the Progressive Development
Of the Human Being From Conception to Death
IT EMPHASIZES CHARACTERISTIC CHANGES IN ATTITUDES, BEHAVIORS, INTERESTS AND GOALS
WHEN THEY OCCUR, WHAT CAUSES THE CHANGES AND IF THEIR INDIVIDUAL OR UNIVERSAL

2. It Helps Answer Questions About Happenings in Our Life
And Why We Have the Feelings We Have Throughout Life

3. Why? Can we no longer communicate with our 19 year old
Do I hate my husband, job and family at 42
Why is my former A student 13 year old now is getting D’s
DEV. PSYCY HELPS US UNDERSTAND ERRATIC, NOT ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR.

4. Age Structures This is how we will study development.
How each age impacts our development
We will look at norms
TALK ABOUT INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES NOT BEING ABHERRENT.

5. Philosophical Roots of Developmental Psychology
WHY DO HUMAN BEINGS START SO SIMIILIAR AND END SO DIFFERENT?
THERE ARE SEVERAL THEORIES

6. Christian Doctrine of Original Sin
Humans born selfish because of sins of Adam and Eve
Goodness or badness is the result of overcoming our sinful nature
IT’S THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN INBORN CHARACTERISTICS AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES

7. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Swiss philosopher
Claimed all humans possess innate goodness
The goal of human development is to achieve ones inborn potential
Sometimes the environment prevents this
WE LEARN TO BE GOOD FROM OTHERS

8. John Locke British philosopher Tabula Rasa Adults mold children
Differences in adults can be explained by the differences in their childhood environments
YOU WILL SEE HOW DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES REFLECT DIFFERNET IDEAS ABOUT DEVELOPMENT.
YOU MUST CHOOSE WHICH IS RIGHT FOR YOU

9. Human Development As a Science
Started With Darwin
DEVELOPMENT STAGES COME FROM THE CONCEPT OF EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

10. First American to Study Development objectively
G. Stanley Hall
First American to Study Development objectively
USED QUESTIONAIRRES AND INTERVIES TO STUDY LARGE NUMBERS OF CHILDREN

11. John Watson
Defined Development in Terms of Behavioral Changes Caused by the Environment.
Coined term behaviorism
BELIEVED BY MANIPULATING THE ENVIROMENT CHILD COULD BE TRAINED TO DO ANYTHING.

12. Suggested That People Are Genetically Programmed to Change in Sequence
Arnold Gesell
Suggested That People Are Genetically Programmed to Change in Sequence
Used the term maturation to describe change

13. Maturation Causes Development Regardless of Training
Children will eventually learn to walk and talk through maturation
Used movie cameras and two-way mirrors
Findings used as the bases in tests to determine normal development.

14. One of the Most Influential Theories in Developmental Psychology
Jean Piaget
One of the Most Influential Theories in Developmental Psychology

15. Began Working on Intelligence Testing in 1918
Made detailed notes on daughters development
Spent 60 years studying children’s thinking
DEVELPED THEORY OF COGITIVE DEVELOPMENY

16. 1918 Wrote Article: the Content of Children’s Minds on Entering School
This represented the first scientific study in child development
First to use norms to measure development
TALKED ABOUT AVERAGE BEHAVIOR AT AVERAGE AGES

17. Because of Watson Popularity in USA, Little Attention Paid to Piaget Until the 1950’s
Since then, it’s become the major theory on children’s thinking and behavior
Piaget’s stages are the foundation of modern development psychology

18. Modern Developmental Psychology
TODAY, DEVELPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT OUR INNATE CHATACTERISTICS INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN COMPLEX WAYS.
TODAY IT IS BELIEVES THAT NORMS REPRESENT ONLY ONE WAY TO MEASURE CHANGE

19. Nature Vs. Nurture Argument
Both influences are considered today

20. Inborn Biases
Children are born with tendencies to respond in certain ways.
We all have inborn biases
I.E. Babies listen more to the beginning and ends of sentences
WE DON’T CARE IF THIS IS INBORN OR LEARNED BUT THAT IT EXISTS

21. Babies Seem to Seek Out and React to Certain Kind of Experiences
The effects, according to the nurture argument, of experience depends on the objective interpretation of the experience
I.E. Your new haircut is a lot nicer then your old one
YOUR REACTIONS TO THIS Are EFFECTED BY HOW YOU INTERPRET THE REMARK.

22. Current Feeling on Environmental Influence
We must look beyond the influence of our immediate family
We must understand the person’s whole ecology
NEIGHBORHOOD, SCHOOL, OCCUPATION ETC.
AN EXAMMPLE IS GERALD PATTERSON’S WORK ON DELINQUENCY

23. Vulnerability and Resilience Model

24. We All Have Vulnerabilities, Emotions, Alcohol, Drugs, Physical Limitations
We also have protective factors like intelligence and coordination
These things interact on the environment to determine our behavior
I.E. HIGH VULNERABILITY AND LOW RESILIENCE PRODUCES POOR RESULTS

25. Today, Developmental Psychologists Study Three Age Related Changes

26. Universal Changes Common to the individual and linked to specific ages
I.E. Infants shifting from crawling to walking

27. Social Clock Changes
Defining life's experiences relative to particular timeframes
I.E. Time to start school, get married, start a career. This establishes norms, like ageism
Leads to stereotypes like negativism towards senior citizens
SOCIAL CLOCKS ALSO LOOKS AT SHANGES SPECIGIC TO GROUPS
AND COHORT CHANGES I.E IMPACTS OF LIFE ON VIETNAM VETS

28. Individual Changes
The genetic and environmental influences on the individual
Individuals are impacted by critical periods
A. Times when individuals are sensitive to certain things.
Sometimes called sensitive periods
ATTACHMENT AT 6 TO 12 MONTHS

29. On and off Time Events Are Impacting
Widowhood at 30 is more impacting then at 70.
WE ALSO LOOK AT ATYPICAL INDIVVDUAL CHANGE LIKE ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

30. The Lifespan Perspective

31. Life Expectancy Is Now 76 Years
Up from 49 years in 1900
Older adults constitute a larger portion of the population
Large growing cohort is people over 100
LIFESPAN PERSPEDTIVE STATES THAT CHANGES MUST BRE INTERPRETED WITHIN THE CULTURE AND CONTEXT THEY OCCUR.

32. Research
Dealing With the Collection and Analysis of Data to Determine Quantifiable Solutions
THEORY IS A GENERALIZTION ABOUT FACTS. AN AXIOM OR HYPOTHESIS
Research uses the scientific method

33. Scientific Method Define problem Develop hypothesis Test hypothesis
Disseminate findings

34. Research Process Define problem Define important terms
Literature search
Determine research methodology
Collect and analyze data
Conclusion, summaries and recommendations

35. Development Psychologists Have Four Approaches Available to Study the Lifespan
Longitudinal
A. Looking at a group or individual for a long period of time
Cross-sectional
A. Looking at individuals or groups at the same period of time

36. Sequential Design
Using Small Sequences of Samples, Some Longitudinal, Some Cross-sectional and Then Comparing Them

37. Time Lag Approach
Looking at a Cohort Group at Different Times and Trying to Compare and Contrast the Findings
THIS IS USED TO HELP CONTROL AGE/TIME VARIABLES