1. What is personality? Complex & hypothetical For Psychology:
An individual’s unique set of consistent behavioral traits
Personality Trait
A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Mood does not equal personality. Personality consists of traits that are durable and long lasting. Younger people may appear “moody” because their full personality won’t be developed until they mature.
Personality is complex and hypothetical. We think about it but it’s hard to pin down; that also means its difficult to test for a be certain that you 100% know exactly what a person’s personality is.
So what is it: DEFINE
Honest, Dependable, Moody, Impulsive,
Suspicious, Anxious, Excitable, Domineering, Friendly

2. Write what you see in this image.
Herman Rorschach
Rorschach Inkblot Test:
Give history of the test/how was it created….the inkblot has no meaning and subjects would be asked to ascribe meaning to it; a type of talk therapy or freely talk (free association)
Most widely used projective test. Set of 10 inkblots was designed by Hermann Rorschach. Seeks to idently people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
Again, looking at personality, can you be 100% certain of what someone’s personality is by what they are going to tell you about an inkblot that doesn’t have any meaning in any way?----- No! probably not….
Rorschach was a Fruedian, or at least practiced psychodynamic principles.
What are they trying to make their discovery about? What makes a person tick? [unconscious]

3. What you need to know Sigmund Freud
List and describe the 3 components into which Freud divided the personailty & indicate how these are distributed across the 3 levels of awareness.
Explain the role of internal conflicts in Freud’s theory.
Describe the operation of defense mechanisms
Outline Freud’s psychosexual stages of development & their theorized relations to adult personality

4. Personality theories Psychodynamic
Behavioral-Social Cognitive (Learning)
Humanism
Biological
Trait
PARADOX: Personality tests have a number of shortcomings and weaknesses, but they remain invaluable measurement instruments for both research and clinical work.

5. Sigmund freud
Developed grand ideas with massive overall & overarching reach (Big Picture model)
A famous scholar in world history but still very well known during his day
If you ask someone to name a psychologist today they will probably name Sigmund Freud.
He was famous during his lifetime and continues to be very popular today. Perhaps it has to do with the controversial nature of his theories. A lot of times, while studying Freud you might ask yourself, “What is he talking about?” His theories are hard to empirically prove a lot of the things that he said BUT his contributions are pretty large to psych. and in understanding the mind.
He probably would’ve won the Nobel Prize, if not for a letter written by a past Nobel winner, Albert Einstein, who argued “He’s only a psychologist, how can you give the prize to him.”

6. Sigmund freud background
Left Europe to escape the Nazi’s in Germany.
Signed a letter sarcastically
“The Gestapo has never harmed me in any way. In fact, I can heartily recommend the Gestapo for everyone.”
Is incredibly controversial
Penis envy
Unconscious motivations & conflicts
Nazi leaders burned all of his books and research.
Upon leaving he was asked by the Gestapo to sign a letter saying that the Nazi Gestapo had never harmed him.

7. Sigmund Freud's main beliefs
Childhood experiences determine the adult personality.
Unconscious mental processes influence everyday behavior.
Conflict causes most human behavior.

8. Sigmund Freud psychodynamic perspective
1st comprehensive personality theory
Exploring the Unconscious
Unconscious mind-filled with unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
Free Association- Freud’s technique to untap the unconscious by having patients say whatever came to their mind
Psychoanalysis Treatment Process
Patients revealed painful, embarrassing thoughts in the unconscious through free association.
Once retrieved, memories would be released.
Psychoanalysis Treatment Process:
Helping the person get to the bottom of their issues; released by talking

9. Parts of the mind: the mind is like an iceberg
Conscious- what your are currently aware of
Preconscious- info not in conscious but is able to be retrieved when needed
Unconscious- massive amount hidden from view
You might see this on the AP test…

10. Unconscious influences
Latent content of dreams
Symbolic meaning
Freudian Slip
Slip of the tongue; not something you meant to say, but was brought out through your unconscious thought

11. Sigmund freud parts of personality
Might see this on AP test
Watch this really short clip…can you tell what the role of the id, ego, and superego is?

12. Parts of personality: the Id
Pleasure Principle-Pure Id
Basic and foundational
The Id is entirely stupid.
unconscious
The Id is based on the pleasure principle. Freud believed that the Id was basci and foundational. It is present at birth and is the “animal” in you.
The Id is entirely stupid.
It wants. It wants it now. Eat it! Get it! Go NOW!
Pure desire for pleasure
However, what you want isn’t always available, so humans developed ways to deal with the Id. Either planning how to get what you want constructively, or suppressing them entirely.

13. Parts of personality: the ego & the superego
Conscious
Ego=Self
Reality Principle-how to make your way in the world. How to satisfy your pleasures or how to give up on them entirely.
Internalized rules of society and parents
Also, terribly stupid
The Ego
The self decides what to do.
The Superego

15. How does the ego negotiate?
The clashes between the id and superego are called psychodynamic conflicts
causes stress and anxiety
Ego tries to prevent anxiety, guilt, and other unpleasant feelings
Negotiates situations
Defense Mechanisms