1. M4.A.3 Compute accurately and fluently and make reasonable estimates.
M4.A.3.1 Apply rounding and/or estimation strategies to solve problems.

2. M4.A.3.1 Eligible Content
M4.A Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten-thousand or hundred-thousand
M4.A Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar.
M4.A Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

3. M4.A Round whole numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, ten-thousand or hundred-thousand
M4.A Round amounts of money to the nearest dollar.

4. PSSA Sample Items

7. Rounding

8. Use rounding When the question asks you to estimate.
“about how many”…?
When an exact answer isn’t
possible.
When an answer is difficult to obtain.

9. Find your number. Look right next door. 4 or less just ignore.
Memorize this Poem
Find your number.
Look right next door.
4 or less just ignore.
5 or more, add 1 more.

10. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand.
Find your number.
3 6 8,9 7 1
Circle the number in the ten
thousands place.

11. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand.
Look right next door.
3 6 8,9 7 1
Draw an arrow to the right of the
number.

12. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand.
4 or less, just ignore.
3 6 8,9 7 1
8 is larger than 4 so go to the next
line of the poem.

13. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand.
5 or more, add 1 more. +1
3 6 8,9 7 1
Add 1 to the 6.

14. Round this number to the nearest ten thousand.
5 or more, add 1 more.
3 7 0,0 0 0
Add 1 to the 6 and all the numbers
to the right of the 7 become 0’s.

15. The Answer
368,971 rounded to the nearest ten thousand is
3 7 0,0 0 0

16. Round this number to the nearest thousand.
Find your number.
3 5, 3 2 7
Circle the number in the thousands
place.

17. Round this number to the nearest thousand.
Look right next door.
3 5, 3 2 7
Draw an arrow to the right of the
number.

18. Round this number to the nearest thousand.
4 or less, just ignore.
3 5, 3 2 7
Since 3 is less than 4 we do not change
the 5.

19. Round this number to the nearest thousand.
4 or less, just ignore.
3 5, 0 0 0
Change the numbers to left of 5 to 0’s.

20. The Answer
35,327 rounded to the nearest thousand is
3 5, 0 0 0

21. Round this number to the nearest dollar.
Find your number. $
Circle the number where the dollars
are.

22. Round this number to the nearest dollar.
Look right next door. $
Draw an arrow to the right of the
circled number.

23. Round this number to the nearest dollar.
4 or less, just ignore. $
8 is greater than 4 so go to the next
line of the poem.

24. Round this number to the nearest dollar.
5 or more, add 1 more. +1 $
Since 8 is greater than 5 add 1 to the 5.

25. Round this number to the nearest dollar.
5 or more, add 1 more. $
Change the 5 to a 6 and change all the
numbers to the right to 0’s.

26. The Answer
$5.87 rounded to the
nearest dollar is $

27. Practice Rounding

28. Round to the Nearest Hundred
478
696
233
713
485
778
452
305
841
500
700
200
800
300

29. Round to the Nearest Thousand
1,715
5,475
6,562
3,470
9,025
5,789
8,543
4,007
2,800
2,000
5,000
7,000
3,000
9,000
6,000
4,000

30. Round to the Nearest Ten Thousand
48,253
61,744
54,769
35,535
48,600
70,209
15,437
49,036
68,703
50,000
60,000
40,000
70,000
20,000

31. Round to the Nearest Hundred Thousand
516,573
430,001
112,786
807,921
576,439
156,748
856,125
239,875
186,093
500,000
400,000
100,000
800,000
600,000
200,000
900,000

32. Rounding Money Word Problems

33. Mary bought two boxes of crackers for $0
Mary bought two boxes of crackers for $0.99 each and a pound of grapes for $1.29. About how much did she spend?
About $3.00

34. Martin has 4 quarters and 2 dimes. About how much money does he have?
$1.00

35. At the taco stand, Jaleel bought a taco for $2. 75 and a drink for $0
At the taco stand, Jaleel bought a taco for $2.75 and a drink for $0.95. About how much did he spend?
$3.00

36. M4.A Estimate the answer to addition, subtraction and multiplication problems using whole numbers through 6 digits (for multiplication, no more than 2 digits X 1 digit, excluding powers of 10).

37. PSSA Sample Item

38. PSSA Sample Item

39. PSSA Sample Item

41. Estimating the Answer
Estimates are not exact numbers. To identify estimates, look for numbers that have been rounded, or look for clues such as almost, over, or about.

42. Exact Numbers or Estimates? Example
Mount Rushmore National Memorial, the famous sculpture of 4 American presidents, was started in It was finished 14 years later and cost almost $1,000, to make! Mount Rushmore is over 5,500 ft. high. Each head is about 60 ft. tall.
In what year was the sculpture started?
How tall is each president’s head?
How many presidents are on Mount Rushmore?

43. Refer to the paragraph about Mount Rushmore
4. Is the year 1927 an exact number or an estimate? How do you know?
5. Is it correct to say that the sculpture cost exactly $1,000, to make? Why or why not?
6. In what year was the sculpture completed? Is your answer an exact answer or an estimate?
7. Why is it important to know if numbers are exact or if they are estimates?

44. Answer each question. Give a reason for your choice.
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is off Highway 244 and is about 25 miles from Rapid City, South Dakota. The memorial is open 24 hours a day. Each year, more than 2,500,000 people come to view the sculpture.
Which number below is used as an estimate?
2,500,000 visitors
Highway 244
24 hours a day

45. 2. Which number below is used as an exact number?
a. 2,500,000 visitors
b. 25 miles
c. 24 hours a day
3. How many miles is Mount Rushmore from Rapid City?
a. exactly 25 miles
b. about 25 miles
c. 244 miles

46. Estimate by rounding to the greatest place value=
52 – 37 =
86 – 43 =
763 – 214 =
3, =
7, ,879 =
2, ,680 =
24, ,452 =
47, , 527 = 60 10 50
600
3,000
10,000
7,000
30,000
80,000