1. Unit 4 Chapter 20: The Phrase
7th English

2. Phrase
-Definition—a group of words that functions in a sentence as a single part of speech.
Phrases do NOT contain subjects and verbs!

3. Prepositional Phrases
-Remember a prepositional phrase contains a preposition and an object (a noun or pronoun) -Prepositional phrases can act like adjectives or adverbs

4. Adjective Phrases
Adjective phrase—a prepositional phrase that acts like an adjective
It modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind or which one
Ex: The roadway with two lanes began there.
Ex: The rancher with the angry face stopped us.

5. Adjective Phrases
-Adjective phrases can modify other adjective phrases
Ex: The weather vane on the roof of the barn spun wildly.
-More than one adjective phrase can modify the same word.
Ex: There was the smell of rain in the air.

6. Adverb Phrases
Adverb phrase—a prepositional phrase that acts like an adverb
-It modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb
-Adverb phrases point out where, when, in what way or how, or to what extent.

7. Adverb Phrases
Ex: Raindrops fell in heavy torrents. Ex: The day was warm for December. Ex: The tornado struck suddenly, within minutes of the warning.

8. Adverb Phrases
-Adverb phrases are not always located near the words they modify
Ex: During the storm, ranchers chased the herd.
-Two or more adverb phrases can be in different parts of the sentence and modify the same word
Ex: In an instant, a tornado tore through the house.

9. Appositives
Appositive—a noun or pronoun placed after another noun or pronoun to identify, rename, or explain the preceding word Ex: The painter Pablo Picasso lived in Spain. Ex: I want to visit Spain’s famous museum, The Prado.

10. Appositive Phrases
Appositive phrases—an appositive with adjectives or adverbs
-The phrase comes directly after the noun or pronoun it is modifying
-75% of the time an appositive phrase will be separated from the rest of the sentence with commas
Ex: Willa Cather, an American novelist, wrote My Antonia.

11. Verbal phrases
Verbal—a word that looks like a verb but acts like something else -A verbal can act like an adjective, noun, or adverb.

12. Participles Participle—a verbal that acts like an adjective
-Tell “what kind” or “which one”
-Many participles end in –ed or –ing
Ex: A walking tour was arranged.
Ex: The cooked food won’t spoil.

13. Participial Phrase
Participial Phrase—a participle with its modifiers (adjective, adverb, complement)
-Usually it comes directly before or after the noun or pronoun it modifies, but it may be located somewhere else in the sentence
Ex: The instructor, speaking slowly, explained the use of skis.
Ex: The skier, choosing her slope, looked at its features carefully.
Ex: The esteemed poet, honored by the award, expressed his thanks.

14. Infinitives
Infinitive—a verbal that acts like a noun, adjective, or adverb
-Uses the word “to” plus a word that looks like a verb
Ex: To listen, To ask

15. Infinitive Phrases Infinitive phrase—an infinitive with modifiers
Ex: It is important to listen carefully.
Ex: It is not polite to listen through the keyhole.
Ex: I want her to hear the news.