1. The ABCs of AF

3. Goals

4. Bleeding With Warfarin

5. How Frequent Is Bleeding With NOACs?

6. Bleeding Risk: HAS-BLED

7. Bleeding Scores in AF

8. Biomarkers in AF

9. Reasons for and Implications of Elevated GDF-15 Level

10. GDF-15 in ARISTOTLE

11. GDF-15 Strongest Bleeding Marker

12. Risk Scores Related to Cardiac Biomarker Levels

13. The Novel ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History)- Bleeding Risk Score in AF

14. 3 Dimensions of AF Treatment

15. Validation and Calibration ABC-Bleeding Risk Score

16. Discrimination With ABC-Bleeding in Comparison With Other Bleeding Risk Scores in AF

17. Risk Stratification With ABC-Bleeding Within Other Bleeding Scores

18. ABC Risk Scores in AF

19. ABC-AF Pragmatic Clinical Study Design

20. Expected Trial Outcomes: ABC-AF

21. Future Considerations

22. Risk Stratification and Biomarkers: Summary

23. Key Takeaways

24. Abbreviations

25. Abbreviations (cont)