1. The Mexican Revolution
What’s their story of revolution?

2. Problems facing Mexico in the1800s
Freedom from Spain 1821
Autocratic governments (“caudillos”)
Tension between classes: peninsulares, creoles (criollos), mestizos, and indios
Unequal distribution of wealth
Large landowners and lots of poor peasants
Lack of economic/industrial development

3. “Porfiriato”
Porfirio Díaz was president of Mexico from 1877 until Becomes a dictator.
During this period, the economy grew; new railways and telephone networks were built; new banks opened; industry, mining, agriculture and commerce expanded. Major concessions led to foreign control over large sectors of the economy.

4. Pan
O Palo
#1 Porfirio Diaz
Helps rich & church, little to help poor & Indians
Becomes a dictator
Exiled
1910: His opponent for the presidency Francisco Madero is jailed
Madero escapes
1911: Madero helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, Diaz overthrown & goes into exile

5. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915)
1911: #2 Francisco Madero is now President
Emiliano Zapata wants land reform, take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants, Madero rejects idea
Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform)
Pancho Villa arrested and escapes from prison ,
1913: #3 Gen Huerta overthrows Madero, has Madero executed
Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship
Executed
Tierra y Libertad

6. Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata wanted massive land reforms that were expressed in his motto “Reform, Freedom, Justice and Law!” which was shortened to “Tierra y Libertad” (Land and Liberty).

7. Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa led peasant rebels in the north and attacked the Federal Army.
  Villa lead and fought in a decades worth of battles for the cause with his army known as "The Dorados" (The Golden Boys).  The name was ironic considering that they were mostly makeshift Revolutionaries who were recruited from village to village where Villa and his men would pillage

8. General Victoriano Huerta
General Huerta established a military dictatorship in Mexico
For almost 11 years, civil war raged across Mexico as various rebel groups fought for power.
The most important insurgent leaders Venustiano Carranza, Francisco Villa, and Emiliano Zapata.

9. The Mexican Revolution mobilized large segments of the population, both men and women. The Villista forces included railroad workers, cowboys, and townsfolk who took up arms against the army.

10. Soldaderas March
Las Soldaderas were women "fighters" who made significant contributions to both the federal and rebel armies of the Mexican Revolution. Though few actually engaged in combat, their assistance to male soldiers in fighting the war were monumental.

11. U.S. invades twice 1914, 1916
1914, Woodrow Wilson orders occupation of the city of Veracruz
1916 5,000 U.S. troops pursued Pancho Villa who raided Columbus, New Mexico. Never caught him

12. Huerta/the US/Carranza
Victoriano Huerta leads Mexico starting in February 18, 1913—overthrows Madero
US Intervenes for Standard Oil in April 21, 1914
Navy in Vera Cruz
US Backs Venustiano Carranza
Carranza becomes President in July 15, 1914.
Huerta is out of power and the US leaves but the chaos continues

15. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920)
- Villa returns to Mexico to overthrow Huerta
- Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza
- Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres
- 1915: US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa robs & kills Americans in New Mexico
- Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught
-1919:Zapata is tricked by Carranza supporter & killed
-1920:Carranza tries to fix election, killed by supporter of Alvaro Obregon
Exiled
Assassinated
Assassinated
Pedro Lascurain (45mins), After Huerta, Francisco Carvajal 1 month
Gen Pablo Gonzalez men ambush Zapata

16. Alvaro Obregon
Obregón defeated Pancho Villa’s cavalry in a series of bloody battles in 1915 and became president in  
Since 1920, with the Civil War over, a new “Revolutionary Elite” ruled Mexico. However, the Revolution had devastated the nation. 1.5 million were killed, major industries destroyed, ranching and farming were disrupted.

17. July 20, 1923 Villa Assassinated

18. Revolutionary Results
Some Real Changes:
1917 Mexican Constitution
Land reforms, limited foreign ownership of key resources
Guaranteed rights of workers
restrictions on clerical education and church ownership of property
educational reforms
Workers organized and were represented in government

19. General Lazaro Cardenas
His government carried out considerable land reform, he reorganized labor, and, most significant of all, he nationalized the oil industry.
After Cardenas, the pace of reforms slowed. Although Mexico is a democracy, one party has dominated the country since 1929 until very recently.
Petroleos Mexicanos

20. The Mexican Revolution
Loses War
Overthrown
The Mexican Revolution
What happened to the
leaders?
Exiled
Assassinated
Executed
Assassinated
Exiled
Assassinated
Assassinated