1. Peacetime Adjustments & the Cold War
The Cold War and the
American Dream
( )
Chapter 28, Section 1

2. Essential Questions
How can we achieve world peace?

3. Post War Lay-Offs
At the End of WWII, Most Factories Making War Goods Switched Back to Making Consumer Goods
Factories Didn’t Need as Many Workers/Some Factories Shut Down!
“You’re Fired!”

4. Post War Jobs
Over 10 Million War Veterans Returned Home Looking for Jobs!
Female Workers were Fired to Give Jobs Back to Returning Veterans (Males)
As the U.S. Economy “Boomed” Years Later, Women Will Go Back to Work:
Teachers
Nurses
Secretaries

5. Fear of Post War Recession/Depression
Why Do YOU Think Many Economists & Americans Feared a Post War Depression?

6. Post War Economic “Boom!”
Americans Started Families:
Americans Got Married!
“The Baby Boom”
American Families Bought New Homes
Bought Numerous Consumer Goods
Americans Had $$$ to Spend (Men & Women)
Demand for Goods Increased
The G.I. Bill of Rights:
Government Guaranteed Low Interest Loans for Housing for Veterans
Created a Demand for New Houses

7. Mass Production of Housing

8. Unions During WWII
During WWII, the U.S. Government Froze Wages (Salaries) and Prices of Goods!
Unions Agreed Not to Go On Strike
Why Not?

9. Post War Strikes
In 1946, the U.S. Government Un-Froze Wages and Prices
Because of the Demand for Goods, Prices Skyrocketed Up
Workers Salaries Barely Rose – Workers Went on Strike:
Automakers
Steel Workers
Meat Packers
Electricians
Miners
Railroad Workers

10. 1946 Railroad Strike?
In 1946, Railroad Union Workers Threatened to Go on Strike
Harry Truman Liked Unions, But Could Not Have a Railroad Strike!
Why Can YOU Never Have a Transportation Strike?
What Did He Threaten to do if Railroad Workers Went on Strike?

11. Post War Equality?
African Americans Were Sure Their WWII Service Would Grant Them More Rights!
Nothing Changed!
Jim Crow Laws, Segregation, Violence, & the KKK Were Still Strong in the South!

12. The Push for Civil Rights
Harry Truman Pushed for 4 Things To Stop Racism:
Created a Commission on Civil Rights
Issued an Executive Order to End Segregation in the Military
Pushed for an Anti-Lynching Law in Congress
Pushed to End the Poll Tax in Order to Vote
Southerners in Congress Voted Against the Anti-Lynching Law & Ending the Poll Tax
Harry Truman Was the 1st President to Make Civil Rights a National Issue!

14. The Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Hurt Unions! (Unions Were Growing Strong w/All of the 1946 Strikes!
Gave President of the U.S. the Power to Require an 80 Day “Cooling Off” Period Before a Strike Takes Place
Outlawed the “Closed” Shop:
A Workplace that Was Only Hiring Union Members

16. 1948 Presidential Election
Democrat Harry S. Truman vs. Republican Thomas Dewey (NY)
Dewey Was Favored to Win!
Republicans Did the Best They Could to Block All of Truman’s Ideas/Laws in Congress
Truman Called the Republicans the “Do-Nothing” Congress!

17. Cross Country Campaign Tour

23. The “Fair” Deal: Harry S. Truman Wins the 1948 Election!
Truman Proposes the “Fair” Deal to Congress:
Extension of FDR’s New Deal Policies
Wanted New Public Works Projects to Create Jobs
Build Public Housing
End Racial Discrimination
The “Fair” Deal Was a Failure!

24. Multiple Choice What Type of Government Does the U.S. Have?
What Type of Economy Does the U.S. Have?
What is Capitalism?

26. The “Big 3” Allies

27. Origins of the Cold War
At the End of WWII, 2 Countries Emerged as Super Powers:
The United States
The Soviet Union (USSR)
Toughest Problem to Deal with Was How to Deal w/Eastern European Countries That Were Now Free!
These Countries Were Freed by the Soviet Army

28. Yalta Promises
At the Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) the “Big 3” Agreed to:
U.S.S.R. Would Help the Allies Against Japan in the Pacific
Creation of the United Nations
Eastern European Countries Freed by the Soviets Would be Allowed to Vote for the Type of Government They Want
What Did Stalin do Instead?

29. U.S.S.R. Took Over Eastern Europe!

31. Stalin’s Fears
Joseph Stalin Feared that Free Elections Might Result in Democratic Countries!
27.5 Million Russians Died During WWII
7.5 Million Soldiers
Over 20 Million Soviet Civilians
Stalin Wanted a “Buffer Zone” to Make Sure the U.S.S.R. Couldn’t be Invaded Again
Created Communist Dictatorships in Eastern European Countries!

32. United States’ Fears
U.S. & Western European Democratic Countries Feared the Soviet Union was Trying to Spread Communism World Wide!
U.S. Wanted to Spread Democracy and Capitalism

34. U.S. Fears

36. The Cold War The United States vs. The Soviet Union
A War to Stop the Spread of Each Side’s Form of Government
U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Never Fired a Shot at Each Other (Sort of) Explain Later!
Lasted From 1945-Early 1990’s

38. “The Iron Curtain”
Winston Churchill Warned the World that, “An Iron Curtain” had been Cast on Europe
Why Did Churchill Use that Metaphor?
What Was Churchill Trying to Say?

39. Winston Churchill (1946)
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the… states of Central and Eastern Europe… All these… populations… lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject… not only to Soviet influence… but to increasing control from Moscow.”
Winston Churchill, “Iron Curtain” Speech, Fulton Missouri

45. Compare

46. Containment Policy
Harry Truman’s Containment Strategy Was to Stop the Spread of Communism World Wide
United States Would Use Military and Non-Military Ways to Stop Communism!
What Are Non-Military Ways?

49. Truman Doctrine
Harry Truman Promised that the United States Would Help ANY Country that Fought For Democracy!
Goal was to Prevent Soviet Union From Taking Over Countries
Greece Was the 1st Country We Helped!

50. NATO NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Alliance of United States, Canada & Western European (Democratic) Countries
What’s the Problem with Alliances?

51. The Warsaw Pact
In Response to the NATO Alliance, the Soviets Union Created the Warsaw Pact
Alliance of the Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries
What Are the Causes of World Wars?

54. The Marshall Plan
The United States Gave Over $13 Billion Dollars to Western and Southern European Countries
Containment Policy/Truman Doctrine: Stop the Spread of Communism
Wanted to Rebuild/Revive Western & Southern European Economies

60. Post War Germany
At the End of WWII, Germany Was Divided Up Into 4 Zones by the Allies
U.S., Great Britain, France & the Soviet Union Controlled the 4 Zones
Berlin (The Capital) was Inside the Soviet Union’s Zone!

61. Berlin, Germany 1945 Berlin is the Capital of Germany
Berlin was Inside the Soviet Zone, but it too was Divided Up Into 4 Zones Amongst the Allies
Stalin Wanted the Capital for the Soviet Union:
If You Take the Capital, You Take the Country
Soviet Union Put Up a Blockade to Force Out the Allies:
No Allied Troops/ Supplies/In or Out of Berlin!

62. The Berlin Airlift!
The U.S., Great Britain, and France United Their 3 Zones Into Western Germany!
Soviet Union Feared a Democratic Germany:
Soviet Army Put Up a Blockade Around the City!
U.S. Responded with the Berlin Airlift :
Brought Food
Fuel
Equipment
Supplies

66. Berlin Wall The Berlin Airlift Lasted for Over a Year!
Over 275,000 Flights Were Made Into Berlin to Prevent Berlin From Surrendering to the Soviets
Stalin Called Off the Blockade!
Decided to Build the Berlin Wall!

67. The Berlin Wall

70. Results of the Berlin Airlift
Germany Was Divided Into West Germany (Democratic) and East Germany (Communist)
Berlin (Inside of East Germany) was Divided Into West Berlin (Democratic) and East Berlin (Communist)
Lasted This Way Until the Cold War Ended!

71. Fears of Communism
Many Americans Feared the Spread of Communism in the United States
Another “Red Scare”
Feared Communists Living in the U.S. Might Be Spies!

72. Famous “Red Scare” Trials
Alger Hiss (State Department Official) Was Arrested and Convicted for Passing Military Secrets to the Soviet Union
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Were Members of the Communist Party:
Sentenced to Death for Stealing Atomic Secrets & Giving them to the Soviets

73. Loyalty Checks Harry Truman Wanted Americans to Feel Safe
Harry Truman Ordered that ALL 3 Million U.S. Government Workers Go Through “Loyalty Checks”
Are YOU a Communist?
What’s Wrong With This?

74. HUAC House Un-American Activities Committee
In 1947, the U.S. Government Targeted the Movie Industry of Suspected Communists
Many Actors, Directors and Writers Lost Their Jobs!
Government Feared the Spread Communism

76. Essential Questions
How can we achieve world peace?