1. New Successes and Challenges
Chapter 27 Section 3

2. In 1964, many African Americans were still denied the right to vote.
Southern states used literacy tests, poll taxes, and intimidation to prevent African Americans from voting.
The major civil rights groups sought to end this injustice. 2

3. Freedom Summer
CORE volunteers went to Mississippi to register Blacks to vote.

4. These volunteers risked arrest, violence and death
every day.

5. The Fight This man spent 5 days in jail for “carrying a placard.”
Sign says “Voter registration worker”

6. Voter Registration
If Blacks registered to vote, the local banks could call the loan on their farm.

7. Sacrifice for Suffrage

8. Crime Scene
This woman was killed by the KKK while on her way to join voter activists in Mississippi

9. The highways were obviously not safe.

10. James Meredith, right, pulled himself to cover against a parked car after he was shot by a sniper. Meredith had been leading a march to encourage African Americans to vote. He recovered from the wound, and later completed the march. June 7, 1966

11. Thousands marched to the Courthouse in Montgomery to protest rough treatment given voting rights demonstrators. The Alabama Capitol is in the background. March 18,1965

12. High Schoolers jailed for marching
Oh Wallace,    you never can jail us all, Oh Wallace,    segregation's bound to fall

13. Bloody Sunday (Vid Selma March)
In Selma, pro-vote marchers face Alabama cops.

14. Selma to Montgomery (54 miles in 5 days Alabama)

15. Tending the wounded

16. Marchers cross bridge

17. Many were arrested.

18. Police set up a rope barricade.

19. Marchers stayed there for days.

20. We're gonna stand here 'till it falls, ‘Till it falls, ‘Till it falls, We're gonna stand here 'till it falls In Selma, Alabama.

21. The Supreme Court ruled that protesters had 1st Amendment right to march.

22. Selma to Montgomery Part 2

23. Part 2

25. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed.
Banned literacy tests
Empowered the federal government to oversee voter registration and elections in states that discriminated against minorities
Extended to include Hispanic voters in 1975

27. In the mid-1960s, new African Americans leaders emerged who were less interested in nonviolent protests.
One was Malcolm X, a minister in the Nation of Islam, which called for African Americans to break away from white society.
He led the Nation of Islam until He was assassinated in 1965.

28. Background on Malcolm X
Malcolm X was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska.
His birth name was Malcolm Little.
When Malcolm X’s mom was pregnant with him, she said that KKK members came to his house with their rifles and shotguns and called for Malcolm’s dad to come outside.
Malcolm X was a Civil Rights Activist and a member of the Nation of Islam, later forming Muslim Mosque Inc.

29. Malcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.
he came from an underprivileged home. He was raised in a completely different atmosphere than King, an atmosphere of fear and anger where the seeds of bitterness were planted.
The burning of his house by the Klu Klux Klan resulted in the murder of his father.
Had a great influence on African Americans
He believed that non-violence and integration was a trick by the whites to keep blacks in their places.
Martin Luther King Jr.
was raised in a comfortable middle-class family where education was stressed.
was a self-taught man who received little schooling and rose to greatness on his own intelligence and determination.
was basically a peaceful leader who urged non-violence to his followers. He travelled about the country giving speeches that inspired black and white listeners to work together for racial harmony.

32. WHICH ONE DO YOU AGREE WITH AND WHY???
Martin Luther King Jr.:
“Nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time; the need for mankind to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. Mankind must evolve.”
“Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.”
Malcolm X:
"There is nothing in our book, the Qur'an, that teaches us to suffer peacefully. Our religion teaches us to be intelligent. Be peaceful, be courteous, obey the law, respect everyone; but if someone lays a hand on you, send him to the cemetery."
"It doesn't mean that I advocate violence, but at the same time, I am not against using violence in self-defense. I don't call it violence when it's self-defense, I call it intelligence."

33. Importance Helped spread Islam in the Black American community
In the late 1960s, as black activists became more radical, Malcolm X and his teachings were part of the foundation on which they built their movements
The Black Power movement,[and the widespread adoption of the slogan "Black is beautiful"[can all trace their roots to Malcolm X.

34. Elijah Mohammed and Malcolm X

35. J. Edgar Hoover Head of the FBI
"the BPP is the greatest threat to the internal security of the country."

36. Origin Promoted self-defense and civil rights.
Originally called the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.
Later became known as The Black Panther Party.
An African American organization.
Promoted self-defense and civil rights.
Founded in Oakland, California in 1966.
Founders: Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale.

37. Panther Quote
“If you don't attack us, there won't be any violence; [but] if you bring violence to us, we will defend ourselves.”

38. Panther Accomplishments
Grew to be 5,000 strong
Free Breakfast for Children Program
Testing for Sickle Cell Disease
Clothing Distribution
Emergency Response Ambulance Program
Drug and Alcohol Abuse Rehabilitation
Lessons on Self Defense and First Aid
Transportation to see inmates in prisons

39. Although he understood their anger, King continued to advocate nonviolence.
He created a “Poor Peoples’ Campaign” to persuade the nation to do more to help the poor.
He traveled to Memphis, Tennessee, in 1968 to promote his cause and to lend support to striking sanitation workers. 39

40. Left to right: Hosea Williams, Jesse Jackson, Martin Luther King Jr
Left to right: Hosea Williams, Jesse Jackson, Martin Luther King Jr., Rev. Ralph David Abernathy on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel Memphis hotel, a day before King's assassination. April 3,1968

41. James Earl Ray killed MLK

42. Aides of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King point out to police the path of the assassin's bullet. Joseph Louw, photographer for the Public Broadcast Laboratory, rushed from his nearby motel room in Memphis to record the scene moments after the shot. Life magazine, which obtained exclusive rights to the photograph, made it public. April 4, 1968.

43. The End of the Movement
For many people the civil rights movement ended with the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968.
Others believe it was over after the Selma March, because there have not been any significant changes since then.
Still others argue the movement continues today because the goal of full equality has not yet been achieved.

44. By the late 1960s, the civil rights movement had made many gains.
increased economic opportunities for African Americans
an African American man was appointed to the Supreme Court
integrated many schools and colleges
eliminated legal segregation
knocked down voting and political barriers
banned housing discrimination
The work continued into later decades. 44