1. Urbanization: The Growth of Cities
What effects did the growth of cities have on the people of Europe?

2. What were the Patterns of Urban Growth?
Pre-Industrial Era 1500 – 1750
Growth of established cities… location is key
Capitals and ports
London, Paris, Berlin &
St. Petersburg
Industrial Era
Growth of newer,
industrial based cities
Manchester, Lyon

3. Why did industrial cities grow?
Agricultural Revolution led to rise of new market towns
Population of Europe increased
New factories located in newer cities
Population pursues new jobs

4. How did social class develop in urban areas?
Upper Class
Lived separated…political power, $$, nobles
Middle Class or Bourgeoisie
Live in urban areas…business, professions
Socially mobile, ambitious, reform minded, consumers, driven to improve their lot
Artisans or Shopkeepers
Lived above shops…conservative, skills, guild-based
Working Poor or Working Class
Lived by rivers & older areas
Crime, substance abuse, prostitution, poorly educated

5. What were the social problems caused by rapid urbanization?
Class tension over power & rich-poor gap
Poor housing & overcrowding
Poor sanitation & disease
Poor water quality
High crime
Destructive social behaviors
Riots…Need-based & Political…

6. How were the Jewish people treated?
Lived mostly in Eastern Europe
Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine…
“Resident Alien” status… outsiders
Religious beliefs, rituals, separation
Treated with suspicion & discrimination
Ghetto = Separate Community
By choice & by necessity

7. Urbanization: The Growth of Cities
LEQ Quick:
Discuss the positive and negative effects the growth of cities had on the people of 18th c. Europe