1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Three Types of Rocks Rocks are classified by how they form Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Rocks can change from one type to another over time
Schist

3. Rock Classification Rocks are classified by: How they form Texture
Grain size
Mineral composition
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock

4. Igneous Rocks
Igneous rock: forms when molten rock (magma) cools and hardens
Melting: when matter phase changes from a solid to a liquid
Classified by:
Where they form
Crystal (grain) size
Basalt

5. Intrusive Igneous Rock
Intrusive igneous: cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth’s surface and takes a long time. This process is called crystalization
granite

6. Extrusive Igneous Rock
Extrusive igneous: cooling takes place rapidly on Earth’s surface
Pumice

7. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock: forms from the compaction and/or cementation of sediments
Sediments are:
Rock pieces
Mineral grains
Shell fragments
Limestone

8. How do sediments form?
weathering
Sediments form through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface
erosion

9. Sedimentary Rock con’t….
Compaction: after sediments are eroded they then are pushed together from the weight of the sediments on top of them
Cementation: after compaction the rock payers are then “glued" together
gypsum

10. Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic rock: forms when any rock type is changed into a different kind of rock
Changes due to great heat and/or pressure
Gneiss

11. How does rock change?
Rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids. Metamorphic rocks are not melted. They are characterized by banding.
marble

12. The Rock Cycle

13. The Earth Recycles Rock
The rock cycle is an ongoing series of processes inside Earth and on the surface
Slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
Any type of rock can change into another type

14. How does this relate to plate tectonics?
Plate movement drives the rock cycle
Subduction (1 plate pushed under another plate)
Re-melts rock into magma
Mountain building
Folding, faulting, uplift
Exposes rock at the surface to be weathered and eroded

17. Cementation and compaction (lithification)
Heat and pressure
Weathering, transportation(erosion), and deposition
Cooling and solidification
Melting

18. Copy Me

19. Rocks/Rock Cycle Foldable
Your foldable should include the following:
Name of each rock type
How each rock type formed
A brief description of rock type
At least 2 examples of each rock type
Illustrate 1 example for each rock type

20. Based on the processes shown in the diagram, which type of rock is formed at #1?
  A. Sedimentary
 B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Clastic
Because heat and pressure are needed to form #3, it must be what type of rock?
A.     Sedimentary
B.     Igneous
C.     Metamorphic
D.     Clastic