1. Rocks and Minerals
Eureka TB: pg

2. Lithosphere
1- The LITHOSPHERE is a rigid structure that is made up of the Earth’s crust and part of the upper mantle
2- It is between 70km and 150 km thick
3- It contains minerals the plants need
4- It contains several important natural resources
70km is beneath the oceans while 150km is beneath the continents

3. Minerals VS Rocks
5- A mineral is homogenous (pure), natural (not man-made), and non-living substance (Click for More Info)
6-A rock is a heterogeneous blend of differently sized grains of different kinds
7- There are three kinds of rocks that are categorized by the way they are formed
(Click for More Info)
Each grain in a rock is a mineral

4. Rocks 3 Types of Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
rocks results from cooling and solidification of magma
rock derives from fragments of rock called sediment that are subject to erosion and also may contain fossils
rock has undergone a transformation caused by heat and pressure
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

6. Igneous Rock There are three types of igneous rocks.
Each results from freezing of molten rock or melt.
How can you have natural molten rock or melt??

7. Basaltic lava flow, Hawaii
Magma: molten rock or melt while it still sits underground  intrusive igneous rocks
Lava: molten rock or melt once it reaches the Earth’s surface
 extrusive igneous rocks
T = 650° to 1,110°C
Slide taken from a ppt entitled week from

8. Igneous Rock – 3 Types 11- Intrusive (or Plutonic)
Slow cooling of magma within the Earth’s crust
Has large crystals
Example: Gabbro

9. Igneous Rock – 3 Types 12- Extrusive or Volcanic
Formed when lava cools in contact with air or water
Has microscopic crystals
Example: Obsidian

10. Igneous Rock – 3 Types 13- Porphyritic Undergoes two cooling phases
Crystals vary in size
Example: Certain types of Granite

11. RECAP Intrusive – rocks made by the freezing of magma underground.
Granite – a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock
Click Here for More Examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Intrusive – rocks made by the freezing of magma underground.
Extrusive – rocks that form above ground, after lava spills out and extrudes on the surface of the Earth.
Basalt – a fine-grained extrusive igneous rock
Click Here for More Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks
Slide taken from a ppt entitled week from

12. Sedimentary Rock
14- Composed of pieces of rock from the crust that have broken away, are carried and polished by water, wind and landslides.
15- These pieces or sediments are then deposited in layers, compacted and cemented over time
Example: Limestone

13. Sedimentary Rock 16- Fossils
An imprint or remnant of an animal or plant preserved in the Earth’s crust.
Fossils are sometimes found in sedimentary rock.
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14. Metamorphic Rock
17- Rocks (igneous, sedimentary or even existing metamorphic) transformed by the action of pressure and heat
18- The transformation results in minerals aligning in sheets or bands
Example: Marble
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15. 3 observations or tests we do to identify a rock or a mineral: (actually 6 – please add numbers 4, 5, 6 from next slide at bottom of page
19-
1-Lustre
2-Size: Coarse (use naked eye or magnifying glass) or fine (need a microscope)
3-Mohs Hardness Scale: "hard" rock scratches glass and steel, usually signifying the minerals quartz or feldspar (Mohs hardness 6-7 and up); "soft" rock does not scratch a steel knife but scratches fingernails (Mohs 3-5.5); "very soft" rock does not scratch fingernails (Mohs 1-2). Igneous rocks are always hard.

16. Magnetism – if it is attracted to a magnet and how strongly
Colour – of the rock or mineral
Streak - when the rock or mineral is rubbed on a ceramic plate, this is the colour that is left behind.

17. Now, turn to pg 307 in Eureka to finish the table in your notes!
That’s
All
Folks!
Now, turn to pg 307 in Eureka to finish the table in your notes!